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Introduction
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
Neither one book nor the collective actions of one class of medical students can change nomenclature that has been used in human anatomy for centuries. Therefore, in this book, we will follow the conventions of anatomical terminology, and thus use the anatomical definitions given in Figure 2.1 (see also more details in the first paragraphs of Chapter 5). In order to be useful for students, the information provided here must be easily comparable to that provided in other textbooks, by their professors, and in their exams. However, contrary to most other anatomical and medical textbooks, we also emphasize the much older biological evolutionary history and ontogeny (development) of humans. By doing so, we aim to provide a broader evolutionary, developmental, and pathological context for students to more easily and logically learn and comprehensively understand the human body, while also learning the medical terminology that will allow them to communicate with colleagues, teachers, and patients. This broader perspective will also help students understand embryology because human embryological textbooks tend to use anatomical terms such as “rostral” and “caudal” that are more consistent with evolutionary history (because much of what we know about our development is derived from studies of other tetrapods and vertebrates) rather than the more anthropocentric terms used in human anatomy textbooks/atlases. Therefore, while we use the traditional terminology to describe the structures of the adult human body, we also use the comparative anatomical terminology when we refer to human embryological development.
Anatomy of veins and lymphatics
Published in Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland, Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland
A consensus document under the auspices of the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology and International Federation of Associations of Anatomists has clarified nomenclature and drainage patterns of pelvic veins.8
Anatomy
Published in Stanley A. Gelfand, Hearing, 2017
The auditory system comprises the ears and their connections to and within the central nervous system. From the standpoint of physical layout, the auditory system may be divided into the outer, middle, and inner ears; the auditory nerve; and the central auditory pathways. This section provides a very brief and simplified overview of the auditory system, in the hope that a brief glance at the forest will help the student avoid being blinded by the trees. Before proceeding, those not familiar with anatomical terminology should review the pictures in Figure 2.1 and the definitions in Table 2.1, which summarize some of the terms used to describe the orientation of anatomical structures and the relationships among them.
The ‘worm’ in our brain. An anatomical, historical, and philological study on the vermis cerebelli
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2023
Leonardo in his native language used the word verme, translated as “worm,” from the Latin vermis. Modern anatomical terminology refers to vermis cerebelli (Terminologia anatomica a14.1.07.006). This is the median part, the central strip of the cerebellum.2For the origin and first use of the term cerebellum, see Voogd and De Zeeuw (2020). Functionally it represents the vestibulocerebellum, the phylogenetically oldest part of the cerebellum, and for the most part the spinocerebellum, with afferents from the vestibular complex and from the spinal medulla, arranged in a somatotopic manner. Efferent fibers go to the brainstem vestibular nuclei.
Foramen caecum medullae oblongatae in the history of anatomical terminology
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2020
František Šimon, Florian Steger
The concept of foramen caecum medullae oblongatae and its term has become a permanent part of human anatomy, and although other terms have been used to denote this anatomical structure during historical development, this term became official in the international anatomical nomenclature. It appeared in the first lexicon of standardized anatomical terminology, Die anatomische Nomenclatur (His 1895, 81); it featured in the latest version of Terminologia Anatomica (1998, 108), as well. The case of the term is similar to other neuroanatomical terms—for example ependyma (Šimon 2016) and decussatio pyramidum (Šimon 2018). There is no consensus regarding the origin of the term, first description of the anatomical structure is not equal to first usage of the term; the term itself has evolved gradually.
On the origin of the term decussatio pyramidum
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2018
Basiliensia Nomina anatomica (Basle Nomina Anatomica; BNA), the first unified anatomical nomenclature, finally coined the expression decussatio pyramidum (His, 1895, p. 81). In the most recent codification, the Terminologia Anatomica of 1998, this term occurs in unchanged form (Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology [FCAT], 1998, p. 108).