China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Neural Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow*
Published in Irving H. Zucker, Joseph P. Gilmore, Reflex Control of the Circulation, 2020
David D. Gutterman, Michael J. Brody, Melvin L. Marcus
Other studies utilizing neural tracing dyes have shown that the anterior hypothalamic coronary vasomotor site sends dense projections to lateral hypothalamus (Bonham et al., 1985). Local interruption of neurotransmission with lidocaine in the region of parabrachial nucleus prevents coronary vasoconstriction to electrical stimulation in anterior hypothalamus (Gutterman et al., 1988). The complexity of central pathways mediating coronary vasomotor responses becomes readily apparent. Based on current anatomic and physiological observations, a pictorial summary of the central pathway mediating coronary vasoconstriction is shown in Figure 12. Fibers coursing from anterior hypothalamus through lateral hypothalamus synapse in periaqueductal grey. Secondary projections traverse lateral reticular formation en route to RVLM or other supraspinal regions. Projections from parabrachial nucleus also project to lateral reticular formation, either as part of the large coronary vasomotor pathway, or through a parallel circuit including anterior hypothalamus. Most recently we have observed that tracts within the amygdalofugal pathway also produce coronary vasoconstriction to electrical stimulation. These fibers are likely a component of the “defense reaction” response elicited by behavioral stress (Schoel et al., 1980; de Molina and Hunsperger, 1962; Hilton and Smith, 1984; Eliasson et al., 1951).
The Central Nervous System Organization of Behavior
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
The ventral amygdalofugal pathway enters the lateral preoptic area, the hypothalamus, the septal region, and magnocellular part of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. The stria terminalis terminates in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the anterior hypothalamic area. The complexity of interactions of the amygdala is reflected in its multitude of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related molecules (Parent, 1996, p. 775): the inhibitory amino acid transmitter GABA; the monamines serotonin (arising from midbrain raphe nucleus), the presence of which is more massive than noradrenaline (locus ceruleus), dopamine (arising in the ventral tegmentum, and substantia nigra; the excitatory transmitters glutamate and aspartate; acetyl choline (arising in the basal nucleus of Meynert); a variety of neuroactive peptides, including somatostatin, neuropeptide Y (which has an anxiolytic action at the amygdala level), opiate receptors, enkephalin), and vasopressin immunoreactive fibers (likely arising in the magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus). Ninety percent of the cholinergic fibers of the basal nucleus project to widespread cortical regions. It may be the single major source of cholinergic innervation of the entire cerebral cortex (Parent, 1996, p. 788).
Developing the theory of the extended amygdala with the use of the cupric-silver technique
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2023
Soledad de Olmos, Alfredo Lorenzo
Using the properties of the Cu-Ag technique to reveal neurodegeneration, de Olmos showed that an electrolytic lesion in the laterobasal amygdaloid complex produced a continuous field of terminal degeneration, including the central amygdaloid nucleus, the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and cell columns in the sublenticular area. This massive termination for the fibers that emanated from the posterior basolateral amygdala formed part of the ventral amygdalofugal pathway (Figure 2b; see de Olmos 1972).