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Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery in Regenerative Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Zahra Mohammadpour, Seyed Morteza Naghib
BP nanosheets have actively been employed in chemo-photoimmunotherapy (Nguyen et al. 2019; Ou et al. 2020). Ou et al. synthesised BP nanosheets using the “plug-and-play nanorisation” technique (Ou et al. 2020). On the resulting uniform nanosheets, the authors added doxorubicin (D), chitosan−PEG (c), and folic acid (F). They encapsulated the modified nanosheets with siRNA (s) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PL) to realise BP-DcF@sPL. The combinatorial therapeutic function of nanoplatforms was used against colorectal cancer. Upon NIR irradiation, a considerably higher drug release from BP-DcF@sPL was observed; thus, higher cytotoxicity to HCT116, HT29, and MC-38 cells was achieved compared to controls. Besides, around 20% higher maturation of DC cells and 37% higher activation of T cells were found. A comprehensive study of the parameters associated with the activation of the immune system against the tumour exhibited a collectively activated immune response, the ultimate effect of which was prolonging the survival period of the treated mice group. Figure 2.2 represents that cell proliferation and osteogenesis are promoted on 3D printed scaffolds based on 2D BP and GO. (Liu et al. 2019a).
Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy (Photopheresis)
Published in Henry W. Lim, Herbert Hönigsmann, John L. M. Hawk, Photodermatology, 2007
Robert Knobler, Peter W. Heald
Photopheresis has engendered numerous therapeutic trials, a wide range of applications (Table 1), immunologic insights, and concepts for future development that are presented in this chapter. The therapeutic applications are presented to portray the scope of the therapy. This is followed by an attempt to project where this photoimmunotherapy will develop based on current research.
Clinical development of an anti-GPC-1 antibody for the treatment of cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Saikat Ghosh, Pie Huda, Nicholas Fletcher, Douglas Campbell, Kristofer J. Thurecht, Bradley Walsh
Although still in its gestation period, photoimmunotherapy could prove to be a sophisticated adjuvant strategy to combat oncologic disorders in the near future. Development of photoimmunotherapeutics involves the coupling of a photosensitizer agent, often an infrared (IR) dye, to cancer-targeted mAbs. Upon illumination at a predefined IR wavelength, the mAb–photosensitizer hybrid can exhibit cytotoxicity selectively at the tumor site. This strategy was applied by Polikarpov et al. in developing an anti-GPC-1 binding Miltuximab®-IRDye700DX conjugate [58]. This PIT agent was tested in bladder, prostate, brain, and ovarian cancer cells, and found to be highly tumor specific with reduced ‘off-target binding’ and was effective in eliminating GPC-1 over-expressing cells. Miltuximab®-IR700 could therefore be clinically beneficial in treating metastatic and highly infiltrative tumors like GBM and ovarian cancers when combined with endoscopic photo-activation.
Research progress in tumor targeted immunotherapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Yuelin Fang, Aihua Yu, Lei Ye, Guangxi Zhai
FAP is the main target for depleting TAFs. Interestingly, although it cannot directly kill cancer cells, the depletion of TAFs usually causes the destruction of TAFs-mediated ECM, regulates the TME, and promotes the infiltration of drugs or drug-delivery vehicles into tumor tissues. Tianjiao Ji et al. loaded DOX on core-shell peptide nanoparticles (PNP) formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic peptide-cholesterol monomers to form PNP-D and then FAP-α antibody was modified on the surface of PNP-D. The nanoparticle showed good TAFs targeting and effective cell penetration ability and could deplete TAFs to improve the process of DOX entering tumor tissues [112]. In addition, some studies combined TAFs-targeted immunotherapy with phototherapy to achieve photoimmunotherapy. Zipeng Zhen et al. constructed a novel nanoparticle-based photoimmunotherapy (nano-PIT) approach by conjugating FAP-targeted single chain variable fragment (scFv) to the surface of ZnF16Pc loaded ferritin. The study used anti-FAP scFv as a targeting ligand to selectively photodynamically eliminate TAFs in tumors, with little damage to healthy tissues. In addition, the results showed that the secretion of CXCL-12 was inhibited, thereby significantly improving the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and effectively suppressing tumors [113]. In another paper, this group found that scFv conjugated ZnF16Pc-loaded ferritin nanoparticles could increase the accumulation of serum albumin (BSA), 10 nm quantum dots (QDs) and 50 nm QDs in tumors in bilateral 4T1 tumor models [114].
Photothermal therapies to improve immune checkpoint blockade for cancer
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Preethi B. Balakrishnan, Elizabeth E. Sweeney, Anvitha S. Ramanujam, Rohan Fernandes
Previous reviews have described the advantages of photoimmunotherapy using PTT and/or photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a wide range of immunostimulatory molecules including antibodies, vaccines, immune adjuvants and cytokines [62–64]. Distinct from these earlier publications, in this review, we highlight the recent advances in nanoparticle-based PTT to potentiate ICB immunotherapy for treating cancer, summarize the state of the field and comment on the potential for its clinical translation. We specifically focus on metal-based inorganic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and organic dyes as agents of PTT in combination with ICB because a significant body of literature exists for each of these platforms. Experimental details, such as nanoparticle sizes, routes of treatment administration, cell and mouse strains and other immune adjuvants included in the nanoparticle platform to boost the immune response, are listed in Table 2. Through the presented material, we seek to highlight the progress made in combining nanoparticle-based PTT with ICB, and its promise toward clinical translation.