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Nanomaterials in Chemotherapy
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
P. K. Hashim, Anjaneyulu Dirisala
PDT is an effective strategy for cancer treatment, in which a photosensitizer molecule absorbs light and transfers its energy into the surrounding oxygen producing singlet oxygen that can damage the cells. Zinc (II) phthalocyanine is an FDA-approved photosensitizer, which showed highly specific antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo [186]. Silica and ceramic nanoparticles encapsulated with the photosensitizer is a promising approach to enhance PDT efficiency and showed encouraging results with cellular experiments [187]. Utilizing a different mechanism, quantum dots with core-shell architecture also have applied for PDT in some types of cancers [188].
Order Martellivirales: Bromoviridae
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Brasch et al. (2011) encapsulated water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine, a very robust and versatile chromophore with numerous applications in medicine, photonics, electronics, and energy conversion, into the CCMV VLPs of the two different T = 1 and T = 3 sizes, depending on the conditions, with simply coincubation in solution. Luque et al. (2014) showed by electron cryomicroscopy an unprecedented, very high level of phthalocyanine molecule organization within both VLP classes. Further, Setaro et al. (2015) designed and synthesized negatively charged phthalocyanine dendrimers that behaved as photosensitizers for the activation of molecular oxygen into singlet oxygen and packaged them into the CCMV VLPs.
Topical Photodynamic Therapy for Skin Diseases: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research, Nanocarriers and Physical Methods for Photosensitizer Delivery
Published in Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro, Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça, Patricia Mazureki Campos, Josimar O. Eloy, Raquel Petrilli, Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley, Wanessa Silva Garcia Medina
Allen and colleagues (2001) discussed that the presence of zinc as the central metal ion in phthalocyanine-based photodynamic therapy (PC-PDT) induces an oxidative stress with short triplet lifetime, high triplet quantum yields, and high singlet oxygen quantum yields, which increase its photo activity and induce apoptosis in several malignant and non-malignant cell lines [4]. These findings support PC-PDT clinical trials and clinical orientations to dermatological diseases shown in Tables 4.1 and 4.2. High photosensitizing activity was also found for water-soluble sulfonated zinc phthalocyanines used against S. cerevisiae [31], C. albicans and multi drug resistant C. albicans, suggesting that the presence of cationic charge is necessary for inactivation of these microorganisms.
Peptide-based supramolecular assembly drugs toward cancer theranostics
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Shukun Li, Ruirui Xing, Jan C.M. van Hest, Xuehai Yan
Targeted drug release has been widely studied for decades. The aim of this design is to lower the side effects and enhance the precise antitumor therapy of drug molecules [58]. A relevant approach developed by Yan and coworkers [59] was to integrate supramolecular assembly and targeted release of photosensitizers for combinational PTT and PDT. Stable aggregates of photothermal agents are preferred in PTT as their intermolecular thermal relaxation is enhanced, which is in contrast to PDT. Considering that, a phthalocyanine (ZnPc)-peptide (FF) conjugate (ZnPc-FF) was designed. Hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions promoted ZnPc-FF conjugates to self-assemble into nanoparticles (PF NPs) with an average diameter of 55 nm. In this case, the supramolecular assembly of PF NPs simultaneously enhanced the photothermal effect, benefiting photoacoustic imaging and PTT. Once PF NPs interacted with the hydrophobic domains of the cancer cell membrane, they disassembled into monomeric conjugates, which were used for fluorescence imaging and PDT (Figure 4a). The ability to switch between aggregated- and monomeric states of one kind of photosensitive molecule enabled its application for multiple theranostic functions. In vivo results showed that this combined efficacy of photoacoustic imaging-guided PTT and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT was realized when comparing with single modality treatment after drugs intratumoral injection.
Nanoemulsions of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors strongly inhibit the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2018
Alane Beatriz Vermelho, Verônica da Silva Cardoso, Eduardo Ricci Junior, Elisabete Pereira dos Santos, Claudiu T. Supuran
NE preparations have been used to improve drug activity. 2-(Butylamino)-1-phenyl-1-ethanethiosulfuric acid (BphEA) is a promising schistosomicidal drug; however, it presents low solubility in water and low effectiveness against the parasite. The NEs containing BphEA were produced utilizing ultrasound, oil phase with medium-chain triglycerides (coconut oil) and stearylamine, and mixtures of nonionic surfactants (Span 80 and Tween 80). The drug in NE form presented more schistosomicidal activity than the solution. The NE interacted with the surface membrane of the parasite promoting the permeation of the drug and schistosomicidal activity8. Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and chloroaluminum phthalocyanines (ClAlPc) are photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy of cancer. However, these photosensitizers present water solubility problems. NEs were used to solve the solubility problems leading to enhanced effectiveness of these photosensitizers. The NEs containing ZnPc or ClAlPc were produced utilizing ultrasonic processor, oil clove, and nonionic surfactants (Lutrol® F-68). The results showed that the photosensitizers in the NE form were more affective in the elimination of tumour cells (cells A549, human lung carcinoma cells) than the photosensitizer solution alone9.
A multi-omics approach reveals mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity and structure–activity relationships in alveolar macrophages
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Anne Bannuscher, Isabel Karkossa, Sophia Buhs, Peter Nollau, Katja Kettler, Mihaela Balas, Anca Dinischiotu, Bryan Hellack, Martin Wiemann, Andreas Luch, Martin von Bergen, Andrea Haase, Kristin Schubert
A set of seven NMs with specifically selected properties was investigated. Unmodified SiO2_15 (precipitated) was provided by BASF SE. Phthalocyanine Blue and Phthalocyanine Green were provided by BASF Colors and Effects in technical grade. SiO2_7 (pyrogenic) and SiO2_40 (pyrogenic) were manufactured by Evonik Industries. Mn2O3 was obtained from SkySpring Nanomaterials, Inc. (Houston, USA) and Graphene Oxide from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). All NMs were delivered as powders, except SiO2_15, which was provided in suspension. The supplement contains a description of the NMs physico-chemical properties (Table S1) and average values in F12K cell culture medium (Tables S2–S4). Selected properties are summarized in Table 1.