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LPD Associated with Epstein–Barr Virus Infection
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
It appears that EBV-driven LPD typically presents as B cell lymphoproliferative diseases (e.g., infectious mononucleosis, chronic active EBV of B cell type, EBV–positive DLBCL lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation, lymphomatoid granulomatosis) in European and North American populations (Figure 75.2), and as T cell and NK cell lymphoproliferative diseases (e.g., EBV-positive T cell and NK cell lymphoproliferative diseases of childhood [chronic active EBV infection of T- and NK-cell type, systemic form or cutaneous form—chronic active EBV infection of T- and NK-cell type/severe mosquito bite allergy; systemic EBV-positive T cell lymphoma of childhood], aggressive NK-cell leukemia, nasal type extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, primary EBV-positive nodal T- or NK-cell lymphoma) in Asian and Lain American populations [5–8].
Epstein-Barr Virus and the Eye
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Emmett T. Cunningham, Manfred Zierhut
The occurrence of EBV-induced lymphoid or epithelial malignancies is well-recognized.3–5 The most common EBV-cancers are nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and the B-cell malignancies, including Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and primary central nervous system and vitreoretinal lymphoma.6–8 Uncommon EBV-associated malignancies include leiomyosarcoma, and NK/T-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Of note, EBV-induced NK/T-cell clonal proliferation can produce the systemic syndrome of Chronic Active EBV (CAEBV) infection, a rare lymphoproliferative disorder reported most often in people of Asian or indigenous Central or South American origin and characterized by multiorgan system infiltration and inflammation,9–11 including uveitis.12,13 Cutaneous forms of CAEBV characterized by papulovesicular rash and/or severe mosquito bite allergy, both of which can be associated with severe ulceration, necrosis, and scarring, exist as well.9 Acute, fulminant, and often fatal, EBV-induced NK/T-cell malignancies have also been described, including Hemophagocytic LymphoHistiocytosis (HLH). Transient and recurrent EBV reactivations occur commonly in the setting of systemic immunotherapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, both of which are associated with an increased risk of EBV-cancers.14 EBV-associated lymphoproliferation may also occur following solid-organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplants – so-called Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorders (PTLD),15 which can involve the eye.16