China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Answers
Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction with the potential to be life threatening if not dealt with quickly and appropriately. Typical symptoms include: Acute onset.Dyspnoea, respiratory distress, wheeze.Cyanosis.Tachycardia, hypotension.Urticaria, angioedema, skin changes.Anaphylaxis typically involves more than one symptom in more than one part of the body at the same time.
Infestations and Bites
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Overview: A wasp (synonym: yellow jacket) and hornet sting produces an immediate, sudden, intense pain followed by a dull, throbbing pain with swelling and erythema. A larger area of swelling, erythema, and pain may remain around the bite site for up to 1 week in some individuals due to local allergic reactions. A more serious systemic reaction is anaphylaxis, which results in a shock reaction (i.e., precipitous fall in blood pressure, rapid shallow breathing, and weak pulse) that is a medical emergency. Warning signs of anaphylaxis are tingling in the throat, dizziness, respiratory difficulty, facial swelling, and syncope.
Medicines management
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Kirsty Andrews, Martina O’Brien
It is vital to have a good understanding of all medicines that you are administering. You must ensure that it is suitable for the person’s condition and that it is not contraindicated because of any other medicines they are taking or treatments they are undergoing. The name of the medicine must be written clearly, avoiding abbreviations. Care should be taken to match the name of the prescribed medicine against that on the medicine packaging. Any allergies should be noted and clearly visible on the MAR and in their individual records. Rather than a separate wrist band to indicate an allergy, some trusts may use red wrist bands with identification details to alert nurses that the person has a known risk. For example, Mercy is allergic to penicillin. An allergic reaction to a medicine could produce a serious local or systemic reaction – anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition.
Temporal trends in anaphylaxis ED visits over the last decade and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on these trends
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Adnan Al Ali, Sofianne Gabrielli, Luca Delli Colli, Marina Delli Colli, Christine McCusker, Ann E Clarke, Judy Morris, Jocelyn Gravel, Rodrick Lim, Edmond S. Chan, Ran D. Goldman, Andrew O’Keefe, Jennifer Gerdts, Derek K. Chu, Julia Upton, Elana Hochstadter, Jocelyn Moisan, Adam Bretholz, Xun Zhang, Jennifer LP Protudjer, Elissa M. Abrams, Elinor Simons, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Anaphylaxis is a serious and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction[1], [2]. Food is the leading cause of anaphylaxis in childhood (most commonly cow’s milk, hen’s egg, peanut, and tree nut) [3]. Recent studies suggest that although the prevalence of food allergy had increased over time, it has recently plateaued [4,5]. However, it is not clear if such temporal trends are reflected in severe food reactions, as represented by anaphylaxis visits to the Emergency Department (ED). Although few short-term studies from the United States, Canada, and Japan reveal that the proportion of anaphylaxis caused by tree nut has increased significantly over a 5-year period10−13, there are sparse data on the temporal trends of anaphylaxis in general as well as on anaphylaxis triggered by specific culprits.
Development of a Novel IgG1 Anaphylaxis Mouse Model with Uniquely Characteristic Skin Manifestations Induced Through the FcγRIII-Histamine Pathway
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2023
Masato Terashi, Kouya Yamaki, Yutaka Koyama
Anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction classified as a type I allergy (Warrington et al. 2011). Re-exposure to the same antigen in sensitized patients can cause various symptoms: pruritus, edema, hypotension, erythema, and dyspnea (Reber et al. 2017). Anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening, may be caused by ingestion of food, insect sting, or administration of medicines (Singer et al. 2015). Drug-related anaphylaxis is mainly reported in cases involving antibiotics, antibody drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, radiocontrast agents, and acetaminophen (Yu et al. 2020). The first line of treatment for anaphylaxis is intramuscular adrenaline. Other than adrenaline, antihistamines and steroids are administered, all of which are symptomatic treatments (LoVerde et al. 2018). Disease-modifying treatment includes oral immunotherapy for food allergies; however, it is not complete, and the risk of developing symptoms remains (Commins 2017). Patients at risk are, therefore, forced to reduce their exposure to causative agents such as drugs and foods.
Safety of medications for hereditary angioedema during pregnancy and lactation
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2023
Andrew Yeich, Ahmed Elhatw, Zaynab Ashoor, Kristen Park, Timothy Craig
The medication of first choice for LTP in pregnancy is C1-INH, but here the options are both intravenous and subcutaneous [53]. The dose of SC is 60 units/kg and at this dose most patients’ C1-INH levels approach normal. The efficacy is cited as approximately an 85% reduction of attacks when given at 60 units per kg SC twice a week [75]. An alternative is IV C1-INH at 1000 units twice a week, but the dose can be escalated up to 2500 units. The phase 3 data at 1000 units IV every 3 to 4 days demonstrated a reduction of attacks of approximately 50%. Although there is a second intravenous C1-INH, it is not approved for LTP but may be used off label with the suggested dose of 20 units per kg IV every 3 to 4 days. All three have similar adverse events with local injection site reactions being the most common [63]. Since both are plasma derived blood born infection transmission is possible, but C1-INH goes through pasteurization and nano-filtration to denature and remove viruses. There is a risk of anaphylaxis, but this is extremely rare. A box warning for thrombosis exists, but most experts believe many of these cases were from the frequent use of indwelling catheters which is now discouraged [70,77].