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Substance Use Disorder, Intentional Self-Harm, Gun Violence, and HIV/AIDS
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
Addiction to nicotine is generally referred to as tobacco use disorder (TUD). Each inhaled/direct contact (e.g. chewing) form of tobacco or nicotine poses major health risks for the individual, and serious public health risks globally. Long-term use of tobacco products is associated with both high morbidity and mortality. Diagnoses associated with TUD include diseases such as coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, as well as several forms of cancer, most notably, lung carcinoma. Individuals with TUD are three times more likely to die than their age match counterparts who never used tobacco, with a reduced life expectancy of ten years.28 In the United States, tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death annually;3 second-hand smoke is also associated with numerous deaths each year from both heart disease (33,951) and lung cancer (7,333).28
Substance Abuse and Addiction
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
In the United States, at present about 50% of the adult population (age 18 years and over) and about 4% of youths (aged 12–17 years) are smokers. Smoking rates are higher in males (16.8%) than in females (13.8%) (5). There are also associations with socioeconomic status and education. The higher the level of education and the higher the level of socioeconomic status, the lower the rate of cigarette smoking. In the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM5), “tobacco use disorder” was added as a diagnosis in 2013. This aligned tobacco use with other SUDs and helped conceptualize treatment.
Introduction to Addiction Section
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Joji Suzuki, Elizabeth Pegg Frates, Irena Matanovic
Tobacco remains the most commonly used substance that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. While the rate of tobacco use has declined over the past several decades, 28.5% of Americans continue to engage in the regular use of tobacco products.4 More than 480,000 deaths annually are attributable to tobacco use, far overshadowing deaths from all other substance use combined.7 Behavioral approaches to tobacco use disorder is addressed in the chapter, “Behavioral Approaches to Enhancing Smoking Cessation.”
Self-treatment attempt of tobacco use disorder with Melissa officinalis: a case report and brief review of literature
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2023
Baris Sancak, Gizem Dokuzlu, Ozan Özcan, Urun Ozer Agirbas
Tobacco use disorder is a disorder that is common all over the world, seriously affecting public health, and has limited treatment success with current treatment options.1 Although nicotine has started to be delivered to consumers via different products (smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, gums, patches) as a result of health policies, nicotine taken via cigarettes still affects public health more than any other substance use disorder.2 Long-term smoking has been reported as a risk factor for many systemic diseases; also, it has been found to increase the risk of physical disability significantly.3 Although there has been a decrease in tobacco use in recent years, tobacco use disorder is still one of the leading preventable factors that cause death and morbidity worldwide.4
Understanding the implications of the biobehavioral basis of nicotine addiction and its impact on the efficacy of treatment
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2018
Nikki Bozinoff, Bernard Le Foll
Tobacco use continues to be a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States.There are effective pharmacologic and behavioral treatments for tobacco use disorder; however, their uptake remains suboptimal.Understanding the neurotransmitter systems involved in the reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine has proved useful in exploring their potential therapeutic value.The NMR is a promising marker with which to explore the role of genetic factors in predicting response to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.In the future, novel strategies such as rTMS or combination therapies may be employed to increase smoking cessation.
Physical Activity Preferences and Attitudes of Individuals With Substance Use Disorders: A Review of the Literature
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2018
Amanda J. Simonton, Cara C. Young, Richard A. Brown
The four phases of the PRISMA protocol were used to direct the retrieval and inclusion of articles for this review: (a) identification, (b) screening, (c) eligibility, and (d) included (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, & the PRISMA Group, 2009; see Figure 1.). The following databases were searched: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycINFO. Search terms were physical activity or exercise or leisure and attitude* or prefer* and terms related to SUDs (see Table 1 for SUD terms). Modifiers applied were Boolean/Phrase, Scholarly (peer reviewed) journals, English language, and Exclude dissertations. Inclusion criteria were as follows: written in English, peer reviewed, pertaining to a population with a SUD, and preferences or attitudes as a primary outcome. No time limit was set to ensure the highest volume of return, since we were aware of no other published reviews regarding these topics. Tobacco literature was not reviewed. Although tobacco use disorder is a DSM-5 diagnosis, it does not present in the same manner as other SUDs. Tobacco is a legal substance in the United States, and tobacco use disorder is not commonly a sole or primary diagnosis that is addressed in recovery programs.