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Models and theories of addiction
Published in G. Hussein Rassool, Alcohol and Drug Misuse, 2017
Within the framework of psychological theories, some theorists argue that certain people are more at risk for developing either substance or behavioral addictions. That is those with “addictive personality” are more susceptible to addictive behaviours. Personality theory stresses the importance of personal traits and characteristics in the formation and maintenance of dependence. Lang (1983) failed to find an overall addictive personality type but identified some similarities that generalise to those with addictive behaviours. Lang (1983) identified nine such characteristics of the “addictive personality”: Impulsive behaviour; Difficulty in delaying gratification; Sensation seeking; Antisocial personality; Nonconformist values; Sense of alienation; Deviant behaviour; Heightened feelings of stress; Little regard for goals generally valued by society. In fact, a whole range of characteristics can be found among those addicted to alcohol and drugs. There is some evidence to suggest that moody, irritable, anxious, impulsive and aggressive individuals are more likely to have substance use problems (Courtney and Hanson 2014). Traits such as hyperactivity, sensation-seeking, antisocial behaviour and impulsivity have been found to be associated with substance misuse (Sher et al. 1991).
Antisocial Personality Disorder (Psychopathy)
Published in David F. O'Connell, Dual Disorders, 2014
Much has been written on the interaction between personality and addiction (O'Malley, Kosten, and Renner, 1990). Although there is no single “addictive personality,” certain personality disorders (such as antisocial) seem to constitute risk factors for the development of addiction. In addition, personality disorders may influence the course of addictions, and dysfunctional character traits can develop as a result of addictions. Regardless of the sequence of events, addictions and personality disorders clearly occur concurrently in many individuals.
Peer Relationships, Social Competence, and Substance Abuse Prevention: Implications for the Family
Published in Robert H. Coombs, The Family Context of Adolescent Drug Use, 1988
Gilbert J. Botvin, Stephanie Tortu
The association of psychological factors with substance abuse initially suggested the possibility of an “addictive personality.” However, it is now evident that this is not the case. Available data do not support the existence of a specific personality profile of all substance users/abusers. Indeed, the characteristics found to be associated with substance use/abuse do not occur exclusively in sub stance users, nor are they totally absent among nonusers. Adolescent substance abusers tend to vary markedly with respect to personality patterns as well as psychological adjustment. Many adolescent substance users are healthy, while some clearly have significant psychopathology.
Factors affecting treatment motivation among Turkish patients receiving inpatient treatment due to alcohol/substance use disorder
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2020
Ozlem Kazan Kizilkurt, Fikret Ferzan Gıynaş
Temperament and character traits have been comprehensively studied among patients with alcohol and substance addiction (Cuneyt Evren, Evren, Yancar, & Erkiran, 2007; Schneider et al., 2015). Although the role of personality in the development of addictive behavior has been known for a long time, the unitary concept of “addictive personality” has not been supported by evidence (Mulder, 2002). In our study, harm avoidance—a temperament trait—was associated with motivation. It was observed that the motivation for treatment was higher in patients with more harm avoidance characteristics. To our knowledge, this was the first study to demonstrate a link between harm avoidance and motivation. However, it was indicated that a high level of harm avoidance together with personality traits (i.e., shyness, social inhibition, fear of uncertainty, and pessimism under conditions that will not worry others) and substance use may have contributed to the development of addiction by relieving negative feelings. In addition, a high level of harm avoidance may prove to be more cautious in case of danger and may provide careful planning as an advantage, may assist in planning and maintaining lifestyle changes that are important in the struggle with substance use, and thus may be considered as a prognostic factor (Akvardar et al., 2005).
Gatekeeper Perspectives on Substance Misuse Among a Muslim Community in Southwestern Ontario, Canada
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2020
One of the most interesting findings were the disparate views that the gatekeepers, themselves, held regarding how they conceptualized addiction. Given the range of backgrounds it is understandable, however, this becomes yet another issue since it is difficult to develop a consistent, supportive approach and uniform message when leaders in the field view this community-wide issue in such different ways. Responses were made that addiction was a disease, that people had an addictive personality, and that the struggle remains in offering treatment because segments of the community still regard addiction through a moral model lens of sin and personal weakness. As well, there was some misunderstanding among respondents themselves regarding the nature of addiction. In conversation with the 20 key informants lasting over 7.5 hours of interviews, only two made reference to the social dimension of addiction and only one considered the social dimension as a fundamental component of addiction.
The Sick Role: A Contemporary Analysis of Women, Alcoholism, and Gender Ideology
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2018
Again, the myriad of issues—psychiatric, sedative use, other health concerns characterize women’s drinking before entry into AA. Although this woman does not use the term addictive personality her reference to compulsive and neurotic behavior begin to define the addictive personality: I developed most of the standard diseases that go with compulsive and neurotic behavior. I had-itis of every part of my gastrointestinal tract, postnasal drip, scalp and skin problems, weight loss, and a chronic bronchial condition. As I made the rounds of physicians and later of hospitals, I also made the inevitable encounter with sedatives and amphetamines. (Joyce H., 1970, para. 5)