China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Substance Use Risk Reduction
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Risky substance use is any pattern of use (quantity, frequency, duration) that increases an individual’s risk of causing harm to self or others. SUDs are found on the far right of the spectrum, caused by repeated misuse. Core features of a substance use disorder include impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and craving (see Table 7.2) (NIDA, 2018). Substances are classified by their intoxication effects. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) (APA, 2013) outlines criteria for all substance use disorders (see Table 7.3). Most categories of substances include disorders, including intoxication, withdrawal, and substance use disorder (mild, moderate, or severe). Individuals also will commonly use more than one substance at a time. Importantly, many individuals with severe substance use problems diagnostically qualify for more than one chronic substance use syndrome at any given time (e.g. alcohol induced intoxication while having an alcohol use disorder).
Biological Approaches
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Mary C. Hoke, Tara G. Matthews, Elizabeth Reyes-Fournier
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is the use of medications with counseling and behavioral therapies to treat substance use disorders. This combination provides a ‘whole-patient’ approach to the treatment of substance use disorders. Research shows that a combination of medication and therapy can successfully treat these disorders and, for some people struggling with addiction, can help sustain recovery (SAMSHA, 2019).
Substance Use Disorders
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
All pregnant patients should be screened for illicit drug using tools such as the 4 Ps (Table 23.3). Urine drug screening tests for the presence of substances in the urine and cannot diagnose substance use disorder. Urine drug screening should only be performed with consent.
How deep is the cancerous cut of substance use disorders on human rights? The effects of substance use disorders from a human rights perspective: The thinking of Developmental Clinical Social Work
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2023
Robert K. Chigangaidze, Muridzo Noel Garikai, Simbine Samuel Lisenga
Historically, substance use disorders were viewed as individual-based problems that were most effectively addressed by treating the individual (Klostermann & O’Farrell, 2013). However, substance use disorders are a major health concern that affect individuals, families, communities, nations and the global community (Comer, 2013; Schulte & Hser, 2014). It is estimated that 275 million people aged 15–64 years have used drugs at least once in 2016 and the prevalence of substance use disorders is increasing (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2018). Substance use disorders have devastating effects including disrupting the future of the youths and all too often, as well as ending lives untimely and tragically (Molobe, 2019; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). Substance use disorder is an illness and can cause numerous health related and social behavior problems (Comer, 2013; Rana & Jadhav, 2018). In addition, it is on record that substance use disorders worsen a vast array of medical, psychological, mental, social, spiritual, academic, occupational, financial, and legal problems among individuals (Daley & Feit, 2013; Kelly & Daley, 2013; Santucci, 2012). Substance use disorders interfere with all aspects of human rights and public health. Undeniably, the debate on substance use disorders and human rights is a political, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental discourse.
“It’s Stable but Not Stable”: A Conceptual Framework of Subjective Housing Stability Definition Among Individuals with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2023
Yeqing Yuan, Deborah Padgett, Helle Thorning, Jennifer Manuel
Early in the recruitment, ACT team leaders nominated potential participants from a pool of eligible ACT participants who met the following criteria: (a) have a current diagnosis of a substance use disorder, as diagnosed a priori by the ACT staff during clinical assessments based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 2013); (b) have received ACT services for at least 18 months; (c) speak English; and (d) have the capacity to consent to participation. Staff referred ACT client participants who were able to provide coherent and in-depth information based on their clinical assessment. Following recruitment of an initial sample of participants predominantly residing in private or congregate housing, recruitment in later stages prioritized individuals who were currently staying at homeless shelters or precariously housed (i.e., their housing situations were fluid and they temporarily lived with friends or family at the time of the interview) to achieve maximum variation in the sample. Once eligible participants expressed interest and gave permission for contact, ACT staff members assisted recruitment by providing referrals. Of the 30 participants contacted, 24 were included in the study, among whom 14 were from the urban site, six from the rural site, and four from the suburban site. Fewer participants were recruited at the rural and suburban sites due to a delay in institutional review board approval for these sites.
Genetic and epigenetic studies of opioid abuse disorder – the potential for future diagnostics
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Sarah Abdulmalek, Gary Hardiman
Substance use disorder is an illness characterized by chronic uncontrolled compulsive seeking and consumption of a substance (in this case drugs), which is accompanied by negative emotional state when drugs are unavailable leading to relapse [1]. Abused drugs disrupt key cognitive systems and deploy them to maintain dependence. Molecular and physiological alterations of the brain reward, memory, motivation, and decision-making systems result in tolerance and withdrawal, which characterise dependence. These molecular changes are behaviorally manifested in craving, stress, and depression, all of which are elements that characterize addiction [2]. While the terms ‘dependence’ and ‘addiction’ are usually used interchangeably, dependence and addiction are used to describe the molecular and the behavioral aspects of substance use disorder, respectively.