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CAM Assessment and Rapid Prototyping
Published in Jose Martin Herrera Ramirez, Luis Adrian Zuñiga Aviles, Designing Small Weapons, 2022
Jose Martin Herrera Ramirez, Luis Adrian Zuñiga Aviles
STEP-NC is classified into the following types: indirect, interpreted, and adaptive; the latter is organized into geometric adaptive and technological adaptive [16]. Adaptive control constraint and adaptive control optimization are control modes of technological adaptive. STEP-NC-based exchange of product data in product lifecycle management (PLM) software helps in faster information processing and reduces errors owing to human intervention. A new format of STEP-NC, called STEP-NC AP238, was recently implemented and includes geometric dimension and tolerance, as well as product data management (PDM) [18]. STEP-NC AP238 allows adaptive manufacturing with bidirectional information. These data include the continuous feedback verifying the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), minimizing the errors, estimating process data, and converting to machine-specific code for the case of sending manufacturing data to CNC machines and 3D printers [18].
Industrial ontologies for interoperability in agile and resilient manufacturing
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Farhad Ameri, Dusan Sormaz, Foivos Psarommatis, Dimitris Kiritsis
In the context of distributed cloud-based manufacturing formal product and process model in some standard form became very important as enablers for seamless data exchange. ISO 10303 and its STEP standard have played a very important role with its AP models for various manufacturing domains. STEP-NC is part of STEP standard for the representation of machining processes. STEP has been transformed into ontology model by OntoSTEP (Barbau et al. 2012) which provided an ontology to STEP concepts into an OWL format. Open Assembly Model (OAM) (Fiorentini et al. 2007) defines generic concepts related to design, kinematics, and tolerances for assembly modelling and planning. The Manufacturing Service Description Language (MSDL) (Ameri and Dutta 2008) represents a model for the description of comprehensive collection of manufacturing processes, their capabilities and shop and supplier capabilities in an attempt to integrate production and supply chain ontologies. IMPlanner-MAS (Sormaz, Sarkar, and Ghosal 2018) has extended IMPlanner by providing similar functionality in the multi-agent-based environment with ontology-based message passing between agents.
A generic knowledge management approach towards the development of a decision support system
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Oussama Meski, Farouk Belkadi, Florent Laroche, Mathieu Ritou, Benoit Furet
In parallel with this first layer, and in order to ensure the genericity of the knowledge base for future reuse in other fields, norms and standards have been analysed and the most appropriate ones have been considered for structuring the second layer of ontological models. In this research, part of the STEP-NC (14649-10: Data model for computerised numerical controllers – Part 10: General process data) is used. It includes all the parameters, names, concepts and relationships for the majority of manufacturing operations and features. STEP-NC is a data exchange standard for numerical control programming, and for communication between the different parts of the physical industrial chain: design, industrialisation and manufacturing. It is based on the STEP standard (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) that use the data modelling language EXPRESS to develop several models and schematics. In addition, Step NC uses the graphical standard EXPRESS-G to represent the process model. This standard is widely used in the field of mechanical manufacturing.
STEP-NC compliant data model for freeform surface manufacturing based on T-spline
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
Yazui Liu, Gang Zhao, Oleksandr Zavalnyi, Wenlei Xiao
STEP-NC is the extension of STEP in the field of NC, and was developed by academic institutes, vendors and end-users around the world. STEP-NC was researched in the last two decades (Newman, Allen, and Rosso 2003; Nassehi, Liu, and Newman 2007; Newman et al. 2008; Ridwan, Xun, and Liu 2012; Um, Suh, and Stroud 2016; Bonnard et al. 2018). STEP-NC can provide a data model for a new breed of CNC machines with intelligent functionalities. Within ISO, STEP-NC is formalised as ISO 10303–238 (ISO 10303-28 2007) by ISO TC184 SC4, and as ISO 14649 (ISO 14649-10 2003) by ISO TC184 SC1. ISO 10303–238 specifies application interpreted model (AIM) of STEP-NC, and focuses on industrial data. Application reference model (ARM) of STEP-NC is defined in ISO 14649, which focuses on the control of machines. ISO 14649 is chosen to construct STEP-NC data model in the paper.