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Power Electronics for Wireless Charging of Future Electric Vehicles
Published in Md. Rabiul Islam, Md. Rakibuzzaman Shah, Mohd Hasan Ali, Emerging Power Converters for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles, 2021
Deepak Ronanki, Phuoc Sang Huynh, Sheldon S. Williamson
Standardization of WPT-based EV charging in terms of the efficiency, safety criteria, electromagnetic interference (EMI) limits, and interoperability targets is essential for reliable commercialization of high-voltage and high-power systems. To have standardization in terms of design, testing, and safety of WPT-based EV charging systems, several standards and procedures are developed. The SAE J2954 defines specific criteria for interoperability, minimum performance, electromagnetic compatibility, safety, and testing for static WPT-based EV charging systems. Table 3.4 shows the SAE J2954 standard in terms of power level and operating frequency standards for static WPT charging. The manufacturers in different nations follow these common design guidelines to ensure the interoperability of various WPT-based charging infrastructure. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)-61980-1 standard defines the total architecture of WPT systems from the supply network to the battery charging of an EV or any equipment of the same operating at a supply of 1000-V AC or 1500-V DC. Furthermore, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 2010 [39] has defined the limits of maximum permissible exposure which needs to be followed while designing and testing the WPT systems, as listed in Table 3.5.
Batteries Charge Controller and Its Technological Challenges for Plug-in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Published in Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Perumal Elumalai, Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries: Trends and Progress in Electric Vehicles, 2020
SAE J2954 establishes minimum performance, interoperability and safety criteria for wireless charging of EVs/PHEVs. The considerations for WPT charging system mainly focused on the following criteria. Inductive Charging InteroperabilityAutomated ChargingPower Transfer CommunicationsSmart Grid InteroperabilityAutomatic Shutdown CapabilityAutonomous Parking/Charging
Deploying Wireless Charging Systems for Connected and Autonomous Electric Vehicles
Published in Hussein T. Mouftah, Melike Erol-Kantarci, Sameh Sorour, Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in Smart Cities, 2020
Binod Vaidya, Hussein T. Mouftah
The SAE adopted the standard “SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-In/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology” to establish WPT between WEVSEs and EVs [27]. This standard defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, minimum performance as well as safety and testing for wireless charging of EVs.
Optimal Design with Generalized Inductance Calculation for IPTs Using a Spiral Rectangular Coil Pair
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2022
The frequency selection directly affects the transferred power from primary to secondary side. Almost every band of frequencies has been encountered in every power range. The operating frequency range for the WPT system, according to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRIP) Guidelines of 1998 and 2010, is the 95-100 kHz [30]. The magnetic field exposure limit becomes 27 μT in this range. According to SAE-j2954, the operating frequency range for WPT in automobiles is 79-90 kHz. For this reason, in many papers about static wireless charging systems for e-vehicles, the middle value of this range, namely 85 kHz, has been chosen as the operating frequency [31]. The selection of operating frequency is vital for the coil design. Choosing the highest frequency that can be selected without changing the transmitted power level can help reduce coil current, the number of turns, and size [31]. At high operating frequencies, the magnitude of the electromagnetic fields will increase as well as the semiconductor switching losses. According to all this, 100 kHz which is the upper limit of ICNIRP has been chosen as the operating frequency in the paper.