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Batteries Charge Controller and Its Technological Challenges for Plug-in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Published in Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Perumal Elumalai, Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries: Trends and Progress in Electric Vehicles, 2020
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is the transmission of electrical power from the power source to an electrical load without the use of physical connectors. Wireless power transfer is the advanced technology adopted for the upcoming electrical vehicles. WPT technology can be used as a solution in eliminating many charging hazards and drawbacks related to cables. Wireless power transfer has developed rapidly in recent years. The transfer distance increases from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters. This advancement makes WPT very attractive to the electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both stationary and dynamic charging scenarios. Wireless power transfer provides an inherent electrical isolation and reduces on board charging cost, weight and volume. It also completely eliminates the existing high tension power transmission lines and cables, towers and substations between the generating station and consumers to facilitate the interconnection of electrical generation plants on a global scale. Charging becomes the easiest task due to wireless energy transfer to the electric vehicle. The drivers just need to park their car and leave for a stationary WPT system. The battery capacity of EVs with wireless charging could be increased to 20% or less compared to EVs with conductive charging.
Rectifiers for WPT Systems
Published in Taimoor Khan Nasimuddin, Yahia M.M. Antar, Elements of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Systems, 2020
Taimoor Khan Nasimuddin, Yahia M.M. Antar
Wireless power transfer (WPT) techniques have many applications in consumer electronics, industries, transportation, implantable medical devices, etc. [1]. Nowadays, more and more devices use WPT for powering or charging battery driven wireless devices due to the flexible charging tract [2]. Wireless powering through inductive link is used in biomedical implants to avoid the battery replacement issues [3]. But, the output of the source and the input of the receiver in wireless power transfer systems are an AC voltage that requires conversion into DC by a rectifier at the receiver end. The efficiency of the rectifier to covert AC to DC highly impacts on the performance of the WPT receiver. Hence, there is a trend among researchers to design highly efficient rectifiers for WPT systems for different applications. Several studies are available in the literature discussing the features of different types of rectifiers, such as active rectifier, reconfigurable rectifier, resonant regulating rectifier, CMOS-based rectifier, and class-based rectifier, respectively.
Development of an Inductive Wireless Charging Scheme for Dynamic Charging of Electric Vehicles
Published in P. C. Thomas, Vishal John Mathai, Geevarghese Titus, Emerging Technologies for Sustainability, 2020
Joel Samuel, Alen Thomas Kurian, Mathews Philip Venattu, Daru Anna Thomas
WPT is a technology that can transport power to locations, which are otherwise not possible or impractical to reach. Wireless power transfer can be achieved using different operation principles such as resonant, inductive, capacitive, microwave etc. A good overview of these principles and applications can be found in [10]. The power can be transmitted using Inductive coupling for short range, Resonant Induction for mid-range and Electromagnetic wave power transfer for high range. Types of WPT for EV Battery charging: Inductive wireless power transferCapacitive wireless power transferLow frequency permanent magnet coupling power transferResonant Inductive power transferRoadway/On-Line power transferResonant antennae power transfer
Public acceptance of electric roadways: The case of Los Angeles, California
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2023
Theodora Konstantinou, Christos Gkartzonikas, Konstantina Gkritza
This paper focuses on the dynamic wireless EV charging technology, which is suitable for all vehicle types and less vulnerable to damage since the charging system is embedded in the road. The main parts of a wireless power transfer system are (Covic & Boys, 2013): the power supply (which connects the system to the electric grid to receive power), the charging facility or power track (that converts electricity from the grid into a controlled magnetic field to transmit energy to the vehicle), the pick-up unit or coil under the vehicle (that receives the power from the power track), and the embedded coils in the roadway (primary coils that generate the magnetic field and are connected to the power supply). The embedded coils can be powered individually and energized only when an equipped EV passes on top of each coil (Choi et al., 2015). The distance between the pick-up unit under the vehicle and the roadway surface, known as air gap, is one of the most critical elements during planning that can affect charging efficiency. Examples of charging efficiency may come from case studies and tests that have shown capabilities to dynamically charge a light-duty EV at up to 20–40 kW at highway speeds with around 80% charging efficiency (FABRIC, 2015, 2017) and a hybrid electric truck or bus at 180 kW, with more than 90% energy power transfer efficiency (IPT Technology, n.d.).
Design and analysis of wireless power transmission devices for multi-degree-of-freedom actuator applications
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2020
Zheng Li, Hanming Zhang, Shihao Gao
Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are used to transfer electrical energy without using wiring systems (Zhang, Shu, and Huang 2017; Yang et al. 2015). They are used because power lines are bulky and limit the mobility of electronic equipment. Since wireless power transmission using magnetic coupling resonance was proposed by Marin Soljacic’s research group in 2007 (Kurs et al. 2007; Koh et al. 2013), extensive work has been done in the area of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) (Li et al. 2015a; Zhang et al. 2016; Li et al. 2015b; Cheng et al. 2015). Professor S. Y. R. Hui from the University of Hong Kong proposed the idea of Domino-Resonator Systems, where several domino resonators are placed coaxially, the wireless charging distance and efficiency can be improved; when several domino resonators are placed non-coaxially, the path of the wireless energy transmission can be changed by superposition between the coils (Lee, Zhong, and Hui 2012; Zhong, Lee, and Hui 2012; Zhang et al. 2011). Korean scholars have designed a cross-bipolar coil suitable for omnidirectional transmission of energy, which has a small size (Choi et al. 2015). South China University of Technology designed an omnidirectional wireless power transmission system with a rotating coil that can ensure uniform power transmission to multiple receivers and wireless charging of household appliances equipped with receiving coils.