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Magnetic Communication for Human Health Monitoring
Published in Fei Hu, Magnetic Communications, 2018
Researchers have developed several near-field radio communication methods for saving power. Resonant magnetic communication is one of the most promising techniques. It uses two conductive coils and builds a resonant inductive coupling between them. Just like the loop antenna, the induction field (near field, r < λ/2π) of magnetic coil is dominated by the magnetic field with little electrical field. In this area, the magnetic field is very strong, such that a strong coupling can be established between the two coils. Setting the circuits of the two coils to operate at the same frequency can greatly improve the power transition. Energy transfer between the resonant coupled coils has very little loss, which makes the near-field communication available at much smaller power consumption than the traditional far-field communication.
Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles; a Comprehensive Review on Planning, Operation, Configurations, Codes and Standards, Challenges and Future Research Directions
Published in Smart Science, 2022
Payam Farhadi, Seyed Masoud Moghaddas Tafreshi
Considering the aforementioned chargers, there are two types of charging topologies for EV chargers: conductive charging and contactless (or inductive) charging [43,46]. The former is further divided into slow charging via on-board facilities (AC Levels 1 and 2) and fast charging via off-board facilities (DC Level). The latter uses WPT technology that is able to work in every voltage levels with the power rating and efficiency up to 20 kW and 90%, respectively [46]. WPT technology is also divided into four different types: (i) resonant inductive coupling power transfer (efficiency 50–95%), (ii) inductive coupling power transfer (efficiency 80–88%), (iii) capacitive coupling power transfer (efficiency 78%), and (iv) low-frequency permanent magnet coupling power transfer (efficiency 81%) [46]. The coupling distance for each of the above methods is different, ranging from 6 to 30 cm. It should be also mentioned that the operating frequency for these methods are in range of several Hz up to MHz. WPT also known as road charging is a technology used mostly on roads to conveniently/safely charge EVs [26].