China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Smart Grid Technologies
Published in Stuart Borlase, Smart Grids, 2017
A battery electric vehicle (BEV) is a type of EV that uses rechargeable battery packs to store electrical energy and an electric motor (DC or AC depending on the technology) for propulsion. Intrinsically it is a PEV since the battery packs are charged via the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), that is, by “plugging-in” the BEV. The North American standard for electrical connectors for EVs is the SAE J1772, which is being maintained by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) [13]. The standard defines two charging levels AC level 1 (120 V, 16 A, single-phase) and AC level 2 (208–240 V, up to 80 A, single-phase). Furthermore, additional work is being conducted on standardizing level 3 (300–600 V, up to 400 A, DC). A variety of technologies are being used for manufacturing the battery pack, including lead acid, lithium ion, nickel metal hydride, etc. The technical requirements of the batteries are different than those of conventional vehicles and include higher ampere-hour capacity, power-to-weight ratio, energy-to-weight ratio, and energy density. Since BEVs do not have combustion motor, their operation fully depends on charging from the electric grid. Therefore, uncontrolled charging cycles of BEVs for large market penetration levels may cause significant impacts on power distribution systems. Commercial examples of this type of vehicle are the Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi MiEV, and the Tesla Roadster. The main criticism about BEVs is the reduced driving range (between 100 and 200 mi before recharging) when compared with conventional vehicles (>300 mi) [14].
Electric Vehicles
Published in Hussein T. Mouftah, Melike Erol-Kantarci, Smart Grid, 2017
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards define the messaging for charger control. In DC fast chargers, low-level control signaling is based on the use of pilot and proximity wires. High-level control communications is based on the use of a power line carrier (PLC) communications technology called the HomePlug GreenPHY (HPGP). SAE standards that define the full DC charger interface include SAE J1772—Defines electrical signaling, pin out, connectors, receptacles, and signal timing for both AC and DC chargingSAE J2847/2—Defines the communications messaging for DC charger controlSAE J2931—Defines the requirements and communications technology for AC and DC charger control
Charging Strategies for Electrified Transport
Published in Subhas K. Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2021
Sheldon Williamson, Deepa Vincent, Avjs Praneeth, Phouc Hyunh Sang
The chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 of this chapter presents innovative energy storage techniques for transportation electrification and autonomous e-mobility applications. Section 3 deals with advanced plugged charging infrastructures, both onboard and offboard chargers, for electrified transport. Next, DC fast charging power electronic converters for Level 3 SAE J1772 standards and future universal voltage high-power charging levels are discussed in section 4. Section 5 introduces wireless charging using inductive power transfer (IPT) technology and PV/grid-connected charging infrastructures for EV charging are discussed in section 6. A brief comparison of various charging strategies is presented in the concluding remarks.
A Comprehensive Review of Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles
Published in Smart Science, 2018
Wajahat Khan, Aqueel Ahmad, Furkan Ahmad, Mohammad Saad Alam
Level-1 charging is the slowest type of EV charging which utilizes a standard 120 V AC domestic outlet having a current carrying capacity of 15 or 20 A. This type of charging uses the typical electrical outlet NEMA 5–15 R/20 R at one end and a standard SAE J1772 connector at the other end. Level-1 charging draws power in the range of 1.4–1.9 kW depending on the current rating and takes 8–16 h for a full charge subject to the battery type and size [24]. Level-1 is the most expedient home-based EV charging method for which no additional infrastructure is required. Low off-peak rates available during night hours make it an economic method for charging. Estimated Level-1 charging infrastructure costs for residential applications approximately range between $500 and $880 [25].
A Review of the Electric Vehicle Charging Techniques, Standards, Progression and Evolution of EV Technologies in Germany
Published in Smart Science, 2018
Aqueel Ahmad, Zeeshan Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Saad Alam, Siddique Khateeb
The SAE J1772 [96] standard also cover conductive charging requirement to facilitate the charging of EV/PHEV in North-America while the SAE J1773 [97] issued by the Hybrid EV committee establishes the minimum interface compatibility requirements for electric vehicle (EV) inductively coupled charging in the same geographical regions. This type of inductively coupled charging is anticipated to transfer power at frequencies higher than the power line frequencies. The SAE J1772 was developed in 2009 for conductive charging and applied to EVs and PHEVs including the Chevrolet Volt, Nissan Leaf, Ford Focus Electric and Toyota Prius PHEV among others.