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Portable Power Distribution
Published in Richard Cadena, Electricity for the Entertainment Electrician & Technician, 2021
One of the main advantages of the stage pin connector is that it has a low profile, it can lie flat, it is less obtrusive, and presents less of a trip hazard. The pins of the male connectors have slots that can be spread a bit to increase the pressure when it is fitted into to the female socket, which makes a better electrical connection. A pin spreader is used to restore the proper spacing when they are compressed. If the pins are not sufficiently spread, then it makes poor contact with the female socket, which raises the resistance, and that can create arcing, heating, and pitting of the pins and sockets. That, in turn, causes higher resistance, leading to a deteriorating situation until the connector overheats and the plastic melts. The pins and sockets should be periodically inspected, and if they show signs of burning or arcing, they can be cleaned with sandpaper or other abrasive material to remove the carbon buildup.
Lubrication of Electrical Components
Published in Bella H. Chudnovsky, Lubrication of Electrical and Mechanical Components in Electric Power Equipment, 2019
An electromechanical device used to join electrical terminations and create an electrical circuit is called an electrical connector. Electrical connectors usually consist of plugs (male-ended) and jacks (female-ended). The connection may serve as a permanent electrical joint between two wires or devices. Connectors may join two lengths of flexible copper wire or cable, or connect a wire or cable to an electrical terminal.
Low–Power Commercial, Automotive, and Appliance Connections
Published in Paul G. Slade, Electrical Contacts, 2017
Perhaps the most useful function of electrical connection systems is to serve as a convenience for assembly, installation, and servicing of an electrical device or system. For example, the internal connections in a timer control module of a dishwasher enable the assembly of such a module. In addition, the electrical connections of the harness to the motor, valves, and power sources complete the entire dishwasher assembly. Likewise, the physical installation of a component such as a motor into a clothes washer drive assembly or a radio into the dashboard of an automobile is done first, and then the electrical circuits are completed by mating the connectors or installing other required electrical connections. As each subassembly is linked, each harness is connected with other circuits and to the power source. Depending on the complexity of the entire electrical system, a variety of connectors such as in-lines, junction splices, device connectors, and headers are used. The overall system architecture of the entire “wiring harness” determines the number of points and the location where the circuits will be connected. Also, depending on the type of components in the circuits, connection systems may serve to connect low-current or low-voltage, high-frequency electronics circuits, high-current power circuits, timer and control circuits, sensor circuits, and communication signal circuits.
Automated instrumentation for the determination of the high-temperature thermoelectric figure-of-merit
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2018
Ashutosh Patel, Sudhir K. Pandey
A photograph of the setup used for measurement is shown in Figure 2. Its components are represented by numbers. High thermal and electrical conductive copper blocks, 1, are used to sandwich the sample. The GaSn liquid metal is used at the interface surfaces between copper blocks and sample. High boiling temperature (∼1800 K) of GaSn makes it suitable for high temperature application. It has high thermal and electrical conductivity compared to the conventional thermoelectric materials. Due to this, its thin layer at the interface surfaces adds very small thermal and electrical resistances in the measurement, which can be ignored. Each copper block has two holes at the sidewalls, which are used to fix thermocouple, 2, and conducting wire, 3. This conducting wire is used to feed current, which is required for the electrical resistivity measurement. 36 SWG K-type PTFE shielded thermocouples are used for temperature and voltage measurement. A 12 Ω thin heater, 4, is used to heat the sample. It is made by winding 40 SWG kanthal wire over a thin mica sheet. Both ends of kanthal wire are welded with copper wires. To measure the power delivered to the heater accurately, we implemented 4-wire technique at the electrical connector inside the chamber. This thin heater is placed over an insulator block, 5, made of low thermal conductive gypsum board to minimize the heat loss.
Reliability estimation considering multi-stress monotonic degradation test data with non-constant scale parameter
Published in Quality Engineering, 2020
Shah Limon, Bimal Nepal, Om Prakash Yadav
The realistic lifetime assessment during product design and development phases plays a very critical role in several logistical and strategic decisions such as warranty policies, maintenance strategies, and the spare parts inventory management. Nevertheless, the lifetime assessment of highly reliable products is becoming more challenging where getting timely failure data either through accelerated tests or any other means is very difficult. Under such circumstances, the accelerated degradation testing (ADT) turns out to be extremely useful not only to evaluate the reliability of highly reliable products but also to understand the failure behavior that exhibits measurable degradation characteristics. In an ADT, the product samples experience harsher than the normal operating conditions for expediting the failure process and measuring product performance degradation in a regular or predetermined time intervals. Lu, Meeker, and Escobar (1996) argued that the degradation model provides more precise estimates of product lifetime as compared to the traditional failure time methods. Ling, Tsui, and Balakrishnan (2015) also proposed to monitor the health and quality of the system and used the observed accelerated degradation data to estimate several reliability metrics such as mean lifetime, reliability, and conditional reliability. Recently, several studies have used degradation data to assess the reliability parameters of highly reliable products such as aerospace electrical connector (Wenhua et al., 2011), LEDs (Liao and Elsayed, 2006), lithium-ion batteries (Tang et al., 2014), and semiconductor ICs (Luo et al., 2014). Since ADT methods observe the repeated measurements of degradation characteristics at regular intervals of time, a pre-defined degradation value is set as a threshold to identify the time-to-failure (Meeker and Escobar, 1998; Nelson, 2004).