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Vapor and Advanced Power Cycles
Published in Kavati Venkateswarlu, Engineering Thermodynamics, 2020
The primary advantage with IGCC technology is its ability to use solid and liquid fuels in a power plant that can combine the environmental benefits of a natural gas fueled plant and thermal performance of a combined cycle. In this plant, the solid or liquid fuel is typically gasified with either oxygen or air, and the resulting raw gas (syngas) is cooled, cleaned of particulate matter and sulfur, and then fired in a gas turbine. Since the emission-forming constituents such as particulate matter and sulfur are removed from the gas under pressure prior to combustion in the power block, it can be possible for IGCC plants to meet stringent air emission norms. The hot exhaust gases from gas turbine are sent to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) where the steam is produced. The steam produced by HRSG drives a steam turbine. This power is produced from both the gas and steam turbines.
The Destiny of Carbon Constraints and Capacity Demands
Published in Mark A. Gabriel, Visions for a Sustainable Energy Future, 2020
The key to coal’s long-term viability as a fuel for power generation and a solution to the challenges of this megatrend lies in finding ways to reduce or even eliminate coal’s environmental impact of climate change through CO2 emissions. There are options. Clean coal technologies can reduce emissions and improve generating efficiencies. IGCC, mentioned in the previous section, is a key enabling technology for future coal-based power generation that essentially involves refining coal to produce a clean-burning gas. Combined with carbon sequestration, this option can help neutralize the impact of CO2 emissions from coal, in two broad approaches: Indirect sequestration involves the biological removal of CO2 from the ambient atmosphere, for example by planting trees. Direct sequestration involves the separation and capture of CO2 and disposal in deep saline aquifers. Carbon management may also involve reducing net CO2 emissions through carbon trading markets.
Carbon Sequestration
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Air Quality and Energy Systems, 2020
Another approach involves removing the carbon from fossil fuels before combustion. First, the fuel is decomposed in the absence of oxygen to form a hydrogen-rich fuel called synthesis gas. Currently, this process of gasification is already in use in ammonia production and several commercial power plants fed by coal and petroleum byproducts; these plants can use lower-purity fuels and the energy costs of generating synthesis gas are offset by the higher combustion efficiencies of gas turbines; such plants are called IGCC plants. Natural gas can be transformed directly by reacting it with steam, producing H2 and CO2. While the principle of gasification is the same for all carbonaceous fuels, oil and coal require intermediate steps to purify the synthesis fuel and convert the byproduct CO into CO2.
Numerical investigation on gasification process of heavy fuel oil in an entrained flow gasifier
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Hamidreza Farshi Fasih, Hojat Ghassemi, Hasan Karimi MazraeShahi
The combustion of fuel oil causes environmental pollution, as well as the formation of more amounts of coke that decreases the efficiency of combustion chambers. Hence, it is required to employ advanced systems with developed combustion specifications. Gasification is a critical technology that can be taken on a particular role to clean power generation and lowering energy consumption. Gasification is a thermochemical process with an insufficient gasifying agent, and it converts carbonaceous materials to synthetic gas (syngas) which mainly consists of H2 and CO. The advantages of gasification over other combustion processes are: applicable to various carbon-based feedstocks such as coal, petroleum coke, and heavy refinery residues, lower amounts of ash in terms of produced gases with higher calorific value, employing the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant for power generation, and production of chemicals like methanol and hydrogen.
Quantification of the water-energy-carbon nexus of the coal fired powerplant in water stressed area of Pakistan
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Naeem H Malik, Faheemullah Shaikh, Laveet Kumar, M. S. Hossain
An IGCC powerplant operates on comparatively better energy efficiency than a conventional steam turbine cycle. In fact, it is the most efficient one than any other thermal power-generation technology available at this time. IGCC consists of a gas turbine cycle as topping cycle and normally the bottoming cycle employed is a steam turbine cycle. For such a plant, most often two types of fuels are used, namely, natural gas, or coal. In order to use coal for this type of powerplant, the coal must be gasified before being used for power generation, so a coal gasification unit is integrated with the combined cycle. The types of coal suitable for this technology can go as low in rank as sub-bituminous and the presence of moisture in coal can greatly affect the performance of the powerplant (Maurstad 2005). As, the lignite mined from Thar coal site has an average moisture content of 44% (Choudry et al. 2010) even then with the help of a superheated steam drying unit as suggested in (Jaszczur et al. 2020), the moisture content can be reduced to a safe limit, close to that of sub-bituminous range. Therefore, in this scenario an IGCC with a steam drying unit was selected and its resultant effect on WECN evaluated.
The significance of using lignite as a fuel in electricity generation in Turkey and its application facilities in clean coal technologies
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
IGCC plants may have efficiencies of up to 45% and have reduced emissions because, before being dried in the gas cycle turbine, fuel is cleaned (International Energy Agency (IEA) 2012; World Energy Council (WEC) 2017). A number of IGCCs have been constructed the world over. Its (very) high levels of efficiency, very low demonstrable emissions of SO2 and NOx, and potential for CO2 capture are the main advantages. Cost reduction is the particular potential for all (Lako 2004). Commercial prototype demonstration plants are operating in the United States, Europe, and Japan, and more plants are under construction in China, Japan, Korea and the United States (International Energy Agency (IEA) 2012).