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Modular Solar Energy Systems
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion, 2019
In a combined cycle power plant, the gas turbine’s exhaust gases are used to produce high-pressure steam, which in turn generates additional power through a steam turbine. If required, low-pressure steam can be extracted from the steam turbine to feed a thermal load. Solar’s solution, using absorption chillers to cool down the combustion air, keeps the gas turbines running at optimum output and efficiency, regardless of ambient conditions. Flexibility is achieved due to a multiple gas turbine plant concept, allowing the combined cycle plant to follow electrical load fluctuations with minimum impact on overall efficiency. Its typical installation places include Airports.Industrial zones.Factories.Municipalities.
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Power and Fuels
Published in Jay J. Cheng, Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, 2017
Hasan Jameel, Deepak R. Keshwani
In order to increase the overall efficiency of power conversion, combined cycle power plants are used. In this concept, both a gas and a steam turbine are used, thereby achieving efficiencies in the range of 50%–60%. An integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is shown in Figure 10.24. The syngas from the biomass gasifier is cleaned to remove particulates, tar, chlorides, sulfur, and metals before being combusted in a gas (combustion) turbine. Combustion of the syngas in the combustor causes a large expansion in the gas volume, which is used to drive the turbine with nozzles aimed at the turbine blades. The turbine entry temperature in a gas turbine (Brayton cycle) is considerably higher than the peak steam temperature. Depending upon the compression ratio of the gas turbine, the turbine exhaust temperature may be high enough to permit efficient generation of steam using the “waste heat” from the gas turbine. Typical exit temperatures from gas turbines are between 400°C and 600°C. The hot exit gases are then sent to a heat exchanger that is used to produce steam. This system that produces steam from hot gases is called a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and is made up of evaporator, superheater, and economizer sections. The steam from the HRSG unit is used to drive a steam turbine to generate more power.
Biomass Conversion Process for Energy Recovery
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Energy Conversion, 2017
Mark M. Wright, Robert C. Brown
In an effort to enhance energy conversion efficiency, combined cycle power systems have been developed, which recognize that waste heat from one power cycle can be used to drive a second power cycle [20]. Combined cycles would be unnecessary if a single heat engine could be built to operate between the temperature extremes of burning fuel and the ambient environment. However, temperature and pressure limitations on materials of construction have prevented this realization. Combined cycles employ a topping cycle operating at high temperatures and a bottoming cycle operating on the rejected heat from the topping cycle. Most commonly, combined cycle power plants employ a gas turbine engine for the topping cycle and a steam turbine plant for the bottoming cycle, achieving overall efficiencies of 60% or higher.
Facility management of gas turbine power plants using 3D laser scanning
Published in HBRC Journal, 2022
Mohamed Marzouk, Nasr El-Bendary
Gas turbine-based power plants are chosen compared to the huge power stations such as coal fired and nuclear stations. The construction time of the gas turbine-based power plants is quicker, and their capital investment is lower. Based on the changing of the electric power demand and its market price, these power plants deliver the appropriate flexibility during the operation for the power generation adjustment. The power plants of the combined cycle are favored for their low emission levels. The gas turbines high efficiency and demand have increased substantially in recent years for these reasons. The main reason for the rapid growth of these power plants is the combined cycle plant. The combined cycle plants combine the steam turbine and the gas turbine for electric power generation. Gas turbine-based power plants are designed for a service life of over 30 years [13]. Maintenance practices have a strong influence on the unit engine restoration and performance. The degree of the unit restoration depends heavily on the degree of the maintenance activities. Hoeft et al. [14] indicated the maintenance practices that are utilized for performance restoration include combustion inspection, hot gas path inspection, online water wash, offline water wash, steam cleaning, hand scouring abrasive cleaning and hot gas path parts replacement. Furthermore, applications of the new technologies are an option for reliability restoration and performance. The advanced technology components are frequently designed to enhance the performance of the unit and the reliability of its components [15].
Performance augmentation of combined cycle power plant under the control of differing open loop cooling techniques to the gas turbine blades
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Tara Chand Vadlamudi, Ravindra Kommineni, Bala Prasad Katuru
Combined cycle power plants are dominating in power sector field because of improved efficiencies, better operation flexibility, and reduced exhaust emissions. By increasing turbine inlet temperature to 16000C or more, currently, efficiency more than 60% can be achieved (Kotowicz, Job, and Brzęczek 2015). However, high temperature at the inlet of the turbine stage causes damage to the HP turbine blades because of high thermal stresses. There may be a chance of blade failure (Rao, Kumar, and Prasad 2014). The investigation done to find the reasons for HP turbine blades failure found that thermal fatigue, low and high cycle fatigue, corrosion, and erosion are the main reasons for failure. It is suggested that HP turbine blades need active cooling. Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) optimisation with the use of parallel sections and by limiting subcritical conditions up to 220 bar, the combined cycle power plant has achieved efficiency higher than 60% (Franco and Casarosa 2002; Gülen 2011). A few researchers (Srinivas et al. 2006; Reddy and Mohamed 2007; Law 2007) carried out combined cycle parametric and exergy analyses with waste heat recovery generator. The influence of gas composition, pinch point, and specific heat on the performance of such a system has been investigated. They recommended that combustor out temperature and compressor pressure ratio were the critical parameters influencing the performance of CCPP.
Modelling the clogging of gas turbine filter houses in heavy-duty power generation systems
Published in Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, 2020
Sabah Ahmed Abdul-Wahab, Abubaker Sayed Mohamed Omer, Kaan Yetilmezsoy, Majid Bahramian
In industry, the demand for internal combustion engines continues to rise significantly for generating electricity and operating machinery. Gas turbines (GT) (Figure 1) are internal combustion engines that use ambient air as a working fluid. In these systems, air is compressed by the fan blades as it enters the engine from the intake part, resulting in an increase in the pressure through the compressor. The compressed air is mixed and burned with fuel in the combustion chamber to release energy. The hot exhaust gases provide forward thrust and turn the turbines which drive the compressor fan blades. This released energy is then utilized to rotate the main shaft, and subsequently, produce energy in the required form [1]. Gas turbines are commonly paired with steam turbines through a combined cycle arrangement in power plants where the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is used to power the steam turbine to achieve desired production efficiency. For instance, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plant initially produced 1050 MW of electrical energy using six steam turbines (single cycle) with an efficiency of 43%, and currently uses only three combined cycle arrangements and produces up to 1500 MW of energy with an efficiency of 59.1% [2]. GT power plants, unlike steam turbine power plants, do not require much water, because a condenser is not needed in their configuration; hence, they offer an economic advantage [3]. Another advantage of the GT power plants is its ability to accept most commercial fuels to be mixed with air to produce energy and its capability to be switched on and off in a matter of minutes, making them quite favoured in power plants.