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Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2022
Remarks: A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into work. This work created by a turbine-generator assembly can be used for generating electrical power. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part termed a rotor assembly, that is, a shaft with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and transmit rotational energy to the rotor. Basic types of turbines are water, steam, gas, and wind turbines. The identical principles apply to all turbines; however, their specific designs differ sufficiently to merit separate descriptions.
Small Hydropower Plants
Published in Getu Hailu, Michal Varchola, Peter Hlbocan, Design of Hydrodynamic Machines, 2022
Getu Hailu, Michal Varchola, Peter Hlbocan
Similar to conventional hydropower plants, a hydro-turbine converts the energy of falling water into mechanical energy. A generator coupled to the hydro-turbine shaft converts mechanical energy into electricity. The power potential of the site mainly depends upon the head and the flow rate: P=ρgQH, where ρ is the density of water, g is acceleration due to gravity, Q is volumetric flow rate, and H is the available head. Small hydropower systems depend mainly on head and water flow to produce energy. This means that any system with flow rate and head is a potential candidate for an SHP. This includes naturally existing systems such as streams and rivers, and man-made systems such as water networks where there is elevation difference and water flow in pipes. This means that small hydropower systems can be integrated into many stages of the water supply, wastewater, and irrigation networks (Kucukali 2011). A typical run-off river SHP sketch is shown in Figure 6.4.
Hydropower and Floods
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Sachin Kumar, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, R. K. Saket, D.P. Kothari, Saeid Eslamian
The hydropower turbine is the power station element that converts the energy contained in the water from a waterway into mechanical rotary power that can be used to drive a generator and produce electricity. The name turbine is derived from the Latin word turbo, meaning “spinning top” or “that which swirls,” and the name was introduced by the French engineer Charles Burdin (Breeze, 2018).
Analysis of wind turbine usage in greenhouses: wind resource assessment, distributed generation of electricity and environmental protection
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Reza Shahbazi, Shahriar Kouravand, Reza Hassan-Beygi
Tehran Province as a significant area that has a large number of greenhouses is selected to investigate the feasibility study of wind resource usage. In this study, the wind speed of 8 regions of Tehran province based on the meteorological office data has been investigated from 2011 to 2016. Using Weibull distribution, the potential of the wind has been analyzed for eight climate zones. According to Figure 2 these eight regions are Mehrabad, Chitgar, Damavand, Firoozkouh, Robatkarim, Lavasanat, Shahryar and Varamin. The wind turbine is a device that converts the wind power to mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is directly converted to electricity by a generator. The power, p, generated by the wind turbine is obtained from the equation below (Ayoudele, Oganjuyigbe, and Amusan 2016):
An overview of blade materials and technologies for hydrokinetic turbine application
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Muhamad Hasfanizam Mat Yazik, Chang Wei Shyang, Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz Ishak, Farzad Ismail
The operating principle of hydrokinetic turbine is quite like the wind turbine. However, given the density difference of the two fluid mediums, which is about 800 times, a hydrokinetic turbine experiences a greater force than a wind turbine system which directly induces a greater torque. In principle, a hydrokinetic turbine system is able to extract 61% higher kinetic energy compared to a wind turbine of similar size if subjected to a similar power input (Akan, Selam, and Firat 2016; Sarma, Biswas, and Misra 2014). Energy from water flowing through a hydrokinetic hits the turbine blades will rotate the rotor and this is converted into a form of mechanical energy of rotating rotor which is then transferred to a generator via a shaft. The mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy via a gearbox unit that is coupled to the generator. Lastly, the electrical energy is stored in an energy storage system or distributed through an energy distribution system to power electrical loads.
Latest technologies and novel approaches in coal seam gas centrifugal compressor trains in Australia
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019
A gas turbine is a heat engine using air as a working fluid to provide mechanical shaft work. To achieve this, the air passing through the engine has to be accelerated. This means that the velocity or kinetic energy of the air is increased. To obtain this increase, the pressure energy is first of all increased at an air compressor followed by the addition of heat energy before final conversion back to kinetic energy in the form of a high velocity jet efflux (Han, Dutta, and Ekkad 2000; Saravanamuttoo et al. 2009). In a gas turbine, combustion occurs at a more or less constant pressure, whereas in piston engines (many gas engines were employed previously in CSG fields), it occurs at a constant volume. In each case there is air intake, air compression, combustion and exhaust. These processes in a gas turbine occur continuously giving a much greater power output for the size of machine (Davey 2006; Rangwala 2005; Saravanamuttoo et al. 2009). The pressure of the air does not theoretically rise during combustion due to the continuous action of the gas turbine and the fact that the combustion chamber is not an enclosed space from the process point of view since flow continuously comes and goes. The lack of pressure fluctuations allows the use of low octane fuels (such as CSG) and light fabricated combustion chambers, in contrast to a piston engine (Davey 2006; Han, Dutta, and Ekkad 2000; Saravanamuttoo et al. 2009).