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Introduction
Published in Amitava Sil, Saikat Maity, Industrial Power Systems, 2022
A gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that can convert natural gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then drives a generator that produces electrical energy. The gas turbine has a second turbine that acts as an air compressor, which can be either axial flow or centrifugal flow, mounted on the same shaft. Axial flow compressors are more common in power generation because they have higher flow rates and efficiencies. The air turbine (compressor) draws in air, compresses it and feeds it at high pressure into the combustion chamber with the fuel increasing the intensity of the burning flame. Gas turbines can utilize a variety of fuels, including natural gas, fuel oils and synthetic fuels.
Applications
Published in Tony Giampaolo, Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practice, 2020
Gas turbines are being used throughout the world for power generation in stationary, land based power plants. As of 1993 approximately 25 billion kilowatts of electric power were generated by gas tur-bines2. The Harbor Cogeneration Power Plant shown in Figure 2-11 is a typical application. In California, a very high percentage of the power produced is generated by gas turbine power plants. In addition, many of these facilities also utilize cogeneration to recover the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust. Gas turbines have also found a niche in pipeline pumping and compression applications in some of the harshest environments in the world. The Alyeska Pipeline pumps approximately 2 million barrels of crude oil per day from the oil fields at Prudhoe Bay to the shipping port in Valdez, Alaska. This pipeline, installed in the 1970s, extends 800 miles over some of the coldest landscape in the world. The pipeline utilizes aero-derivative single spool-split output shaft gas turbines driving centrifugal pumps. Another application of aero-derivative gas turbines is the Saudi Arabian East-West Pipeline. This pipeline extends across Saudi Arabia, east-to-west approximately 900 miles, over some of the hottest landscape in the world. The Saudi Arabian East-West Pipeline transports natural gas liquids from Abquaiq to the port facility in Yanbu.
Gas Utilization
Published in T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, R. Stegmann, Landfilling of Waste: Biogas, 2020
T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, R. Stegmann
Gas-fired turbines are also in use at landfills to generate electricity. Gas turbines take large amounts of air from the atmosphere, compress it, burn fuel to heat it, then expand it in the power turbine to develop shaft power. This power can be used to drive pumps, compressors, or electrical generators (McGee and Esbeck, 1988). Gas turbines are used at 21 US landfills to produce 101 MW of power. It has been found that gas-fed turbines typically have an energy loss of 17%, compared with 7% for IC engines (Schlotthauer, 1991). A factor to consider is that turndown performance is poor in comparison with that of internal combustion engines. Turbines perform best when operated at full load and difficulties can occur when they are operated at less than full load. In addition, trace constituents have been reported to cause corrosion, combustion chamber melting, and deposits on blades. However, these difficulties can be overcome (Schlotthauer, 1991). A major advantage reported by those sites using gas turbines is that generally less day-to-day maintenance is required compared with the use of lean-burn engines.
Sensitivity of transpiration cooled gas turbine cycle efficiency and coolant requirement to changes in cooling parameters
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Today gas turbines are extensively used for power generation in thermal power plants due to their features over other power production alternatives. Generally, a gas turbine engine offers a nominal thermal efficiency of 35–40%. Studies for performance improvement of gas turbines are being continuously done through the past few decades. High-temperature gas at gas turbine inlet exhibits cycle performance improvement. (Carlos and Estrada 2007) stated that at the beginning, the materials used in gas turbine blades could not survive more than a few hundred hours at relatively modest temperatures. From a material point of view, land-based gas turbine engines have reached a certain level of technological maturity, including Nickel base alloys (rather than ferritic steals), directionally solidified blades, etc. The melting point of Nickel alloys is 1200–1315°C. In addition, to prevent the melting of turbine blades it is also required to prevent the corrosion due to high temperature. Recently developed single-crystal blades can operate with a maximum metal surface temperature of 950°C.
Facility management of gas turbine power plants using 3D laser scanning
Published in HBRC Journal, 2022
Mohamed Marzouk, Nasr El-Bendary
Gas turbine-based power plants are chosen compared to the huge power stations such as coal fired and nuclear stations. The construction time of the gas turbine-based power plants is quicker, and their capital investment is lower. Based on the changing of the electric power demand and its market price, these power plants deliver the appropriate flexibility during the operation for the power generation adjustment. The power plants of the combined cycle are favored for their low emission levels. The gas turbines high efficiency and demand have increased substantially in recent years for these reasons. The main reason for the rapid growth of these power plants is the combined cycle plant. The combined cycle plants combine the steam turbine and the gas turbine for electric power generation. Gas turbine-based power plants are designed for a service life of over 30 years [13]. Maintenance practices have a strong influence on the unit engine restoration and performance. The degree of the unit restoration depends heavily on the degree of the maintenance activities. Hoeft et al. [14] indicated the maintenance practices that are utilized for performance restoration include combustion inspection, hot gas path inspection, online water wash, offline water wash, steam cleaning, hand scouring abrasive cleaning and hot gas path parts replacement. Furthermore, applications of the new technologies are an option for reliability restoration and performance. The advanced technology components are frequently designed to enhance the performance of the unit and the reliability of its components [15].
Risk Analysis of hazardous activities using Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Making Tools: A case study in a gas turbine manufacturing plant
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Pavanaditya Badida, Tamilpriya Selvaprakash, Jayapriya Jayaprakash
Gas turbines are primarily used for power generation and propulsion applications and play an important role in fulfilling a variety of power needs. With tzhe rapid growth of wind turbines as a clean power source around the world, a large number of people are being employed in the gas turbine production sector and for onshore and offshore installations (Letcher 2017). Gas turbines are operated in extreme working environments, such as high temperature, excessive pressure and complex dynamic loading conditions. The impairment and breakdown of turbine critical components, such as rotor disks, blades, and blade attachments, can have serious and adverse consequences on the physical structure and operation of the gas turbines and thereby the power generated (Qu et al. 2013). It is known that turbine blades are thin-walled and can easily deform under cutting forces, thereby deteriorating the machining precision (Lu et al. 2017). The manufacture of competitive blades for gas turbines is tricky since their machining involves several challenges in the metal cutting process (Lu et al. 2017).