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Future Transport Energy Consumption and How It Can Be Influenced
Published in Joy Dunkerley, Irving Hoch, Caroline Bouhdili, Transport Energy, 2017
Joy Dunkerley, Irving Hoch, Caroline Bouhdili
A second way of providing intra-modal energy savings is through energy efficiency of transport equipment. The dramatic example of energy savings in railroad locomotion was documented for India. Most of the other countries with an extensive rail network have already benefitted from the efficiency gains of moving from coal to diesel or electric locomotion. Future improvements in these countries and others without rail networks will come largely from increased efficiencies in road transport equipment and to a lesser extent airplanes.
Analysing problems and opportunities to deliver sustainable solutions
Published in Adrian Belcham, Manual of Enviromental Management, 2014
Carbon footprinting and offsetting were discussed in Chapter 6. Here we will focus on the actions organisations can take to reduce their direct and indirect carbon emissions. There are a number of ways that most organisations can approach this challenge, broadly falling into the following categories: Improving consumption efficiency in lighting, heating and power, i.e. using less overall energy per unit of work completed. This normally involves initial monitoring and analysis to determine where inefficiencies and hence potential savings may be present. Typically actions then fall into one of two camps: technological fixes or operator improvements. Often simple ‘switch off’ or ‘turn down’ campaigns can produce very significant reductions in energy usage. Key areas of opportunity and improvement examples applicable in many organisations are shown in Figure 7.2. Particularly with regards lighting and space heating, building design can make efficiencies easy or difficult to obtain. This aspect of carbon management is considered further in Section 7.11.2.Increasing energy efficiency in transport. By change of fuel type, transport distance or transport type ,e.g. greater use of public transport, rail and sea instead of air freight, etc. Further details and examples in Section 7.11.3.Changing energy supply to reduce associated pollution and increase the efficiency of supply. For example, gas as a primary fuel for electricity and space heating creates less impact than coal or oil, both through lower emissions output and reduced losses during energy or heat transmission. The use of combined heat and power plants may produce more useful energy per unit of fuel burned than using electricity and gas from the national grids for power and space heating. For sites that can adequately utilise the heat generated, they may represent a significant reduction in overall environmental impact.
Demystifying residents' walking behaviors: Active transport in South East Queensland, Australia
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2018
Christopher Ambrey, Matthew Bitzios
Australia, already one of the most urbanized countries in the world (The World Bank, 2015), is sharing in these broader global trends. The 2015 Intergenerational Report estimates the current population to be 23.9 million people and projects a 65% increase in Australia's population to 39.7 million by 2054–55. This trend poses a significant challenge to Australia's existing land use and transportation patterns. Record levels of demand are being experienced across Australia's transport networks reflecting both population growth and the coevolution of urban Australia and its inhabitants. Unless there is a change of direction, the cost of urban congestion in Australia's capital cities is projected to increase four-fold within the next two decades, reaching $53.3 billion by 2031. In light of these projections, a three-pronged strategy has been advocated to: find ways to reduce or avoid travel, shift to more environmentally friendly transport, and improve the energy efficiency of transport (Armstrong, Davison, de Vos Malan, Gleeson, & Godfrey, 2015; Commonwealth of Australia, 2015).