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Transport and Energy
Published in Richard Gilbert, Anthony Perl, Transport Revolutions, 2018
The third type of ICE, the gas turbine engine, burns fuel continuously, producing a high-velocity flow of exhaust gases. In a jet engine, which is a form of gas turbine engine, this flow of gases provides the thrust that results in propulsion. As well, a turbine, propelled by the exhaust gases, compresses fuel and air for ignition and powers other equipment. In a turbofan engine, used in most non-military jet aircraft, a fan driven by the turbine acts like an enclosed propeller and provides additional thrust. For other applications of gas turbine engines, including in some cars and locomotives, energy is recovered mainly from the turbine rather than from the direct thrust of the exhaust gases. The turbine’s mechanical energy can be used directly or after conversion via a generator to electrical energy.
The Concept of “Green Ship”: New Developments and Technologies
Published in Adam Weintrit, Tomasz Neumann, Safety of Sea Transportation, 2017
E. Qakır, C. Sevgili, R. Fışkın, A.Y. Kaya
There are various propulsion systems such as steam propulsion, diesel propulsion, nuclear propulsion, gas turbine propulsion, wind propulsion, fuel-cell propulsion, bio-diesel propulsion, solar propulsion, gas fueled propulsion, integrated power systems, etc (Molland et al. 2011; Marine in Sight, 2016). The propulsion systems for green ship applications in among the mentioned propulsion systems will be examined next section of this paper. More environmentally friendly approaches have been adopted in propulsion systems with the development of technology.
Rocket Engines
Published in Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines, 2017
Rocket propulsion is the means of providing power to accelerate the rocket and sustain it, if necessary, to reach the required target. The basis for the working of missile propulsion systems is Newton’s three laws of motion.
An alternative and hybrid propulsion for merchant ships: current state and perspective
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Maro Jelić, Vedran Mrzljak, Gojmir Radica, Nikola Račić
Pure electric propulsion has emerged recently as an acceptable solution along with battery improvements and application of new technologies. The amount of energy stored in the batteries is still a major issue, which limits the ship's operational range without recharging. The application of the pure electric ship concept started first on the coastal ferries and small cargo ships, but with battery improvements this configuration is further applied to cargo ships and small cruise ships. This direction can be very acceptable for shipping industry only by further development of battery storage capabilities, which is not expected in the near future. Regarding the renewable energy sources, they can be used on merchant vessels only as an additional energy sources with a main goal to decrease fuel consumption and increase energy redundancy. All described concepts are very promising for the maritime industry, but necessary further technological developments and improvements will increase the interest of shipping companies to apply such solutions on a larger number of merchant vessels.
Effect of Diluent Addition on Combustion Characteristics of Methane/Nitrous Oxide Inverse Tri-Coflow Diffusion Flames
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2020
Yueh-Heng Li, Chun-Han Chen, Mustafa Ilbas
Rocket propulsion involves the use of high-energy substances to produce high-temperature and high-pressure gases, which are accelerated by nozzles to generate thrust. Therefore, the combustion process and flame characteristics are extremely crucial and should be studied. In practice, nitrous oxide (N2O) is often used as an oxidizer in a rocket. Furthermore, N2O is considered an energetic alternative oxidizer added in the engine combustion chamber for performance improvement (Cai et al. 2012; Carmicino, Scaramuzzino, Sorge 2014; Shan, Hou, Piao 2013). Compared with oxygen, N2O has a high boiling temperature of −88°C, making it easy to be carried. In addition, N2O decomposes 67% oxygen and 33% nitrogen (oxygen-rich condition), with accompanying high thermal exothermicity. A rich oxygen condition and extremely high-temperature release can effectively improve combustion efficiency and energy conversion.
Increasing energy efficiency in passenger ships by novel energy conservation measures
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2018
Rami El Geneidy, Kevin Otto, Pekka Ahtila, Pentti Kujala, Kari Sillanpää, Tero Mäki-Jouppila
Meyer Turku shipyard has long experience of building environmentally friendly and efficient cruise ships. Figure 1 shows a good example of such: Mein Schiff 3, the first of a series of cruise ships delivered to TUI cruises by Meyer Turku. Mein Schiff 3 was targeted with environmental friendliness and fuel efficiency features; the goal was to set a new standard for environmental cruising. Based on that and other latest ships from Meyer Turku, the main characteristics of the baseline cruise ship were defined, as shown in Table 1. As typical in modern passenger ships, the propulsion is produced by electric motors, allowing the main engines to be operated similar to a power plant, producing electricity.