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Water, sanitation and waste management solutions to contain the pandemic
Published in Harish Hirani, Technological Innovations for Effective Pandemic Response, 2023
The technology can be developed for production of concentrated biomass briquettes with higher bulk density and volumetric energy density utilizing shredded leaves, dust from dead twigs and other forms of waste such as charcoal fines in a simple single extrusion die screw press. The ratio of different components like shredded leaves, dust from dead twigs, charcoal fines and slurry in the mixture forming the briquette is obtained resulting is better combustion properties like slow burning and a higher heating value and improved emission characteristics in regards to formation of smoke, soot and other noxious gases such as carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. The emission characteristics of such briquettes are also within limit. These technologies, if implemented in a decentralized manner, can reduce the requirement of liquified petroleum gas (LPG). The slurry, obtained from anaerobic degradation of wet waste, can also be used primarily as manure or fertilizer in field and can be used as a binder material for briquettes.
Biofuels Production from Renewable Energy Sources
Published in Debabrata Das, Jhansi L. Varanasi, Fundamentals of Biofuel Production Processes, 2019
Debabrata Das, Jhansi L. Varanasi
Biomass briquettes are alternatives to coal briquettes that are made using densification of agricultural or forestry residues and other waste biomass (Naik et al. 2010). They are also known as bio-coals. They can be produced in compact well-defined shapes such as cubic, prismatic, or cylindrical as per the requirement of the consumer. The densification is performed to enable the use of less volume of the biomass for the same amount of energy output. Besides improving the energy density per unit volume, briquetting helps in handling otherwise bulky or uneven biomass, reducing its water content, increasing the calorific fraction, lowering the ash content, and providing high homogeneity to the feedstock (Solano et al. 2016). The major goals for producing biomass briquettes are to provide high value to an existing product and lower the transportation costs. The process of densification is two steps—compaction to reduce the raw material volume and sealing to ensure the stability of the final product. The biomass briquettes can be used in several domestic and industrial applications such as cooking fuel as a substitute to coal, firing in industrial furnaces, steam and heat generation in boilers, and for residential heating.
Emissions of Pollutants from Biomass CombustionRelevant Regulatory Measures and Abatement Techniques
Published in Mateusz Szubel, Mariusz Filipowicz, Biomass in Small-Scale Energy Applications: Theory and Practice, 2019
The range of fuels produced from biomass includes a variety of different forms, such as logs, pieces, chips, briquettes, pellets, sawdust, etc. Manufactured biofuels are made from pulverized biomass with or without pressing aids, usually with a cylindrical form, and a random length typically 5–30 mm. Biomass briquettes and pellets are formed by press or pellet process, with or without a binder, containing at least 90% of fine biomass material, with nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, and mineral matter contents profitably less than in best quality raw biomass, with a calorific value of between 16 and 20 MJ/kg (daf). SCIs also use a temperature treated wood such as charcoal.
Evaluation of biomass briquettes from agricultural waste on industrial application of flue-curing of tobacco
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Bin-Bin Hu, Zhong-Long Lin, Yi Chen, Gao-Kun Zhao, Jia-En Su, Yang-Jin Ou, Rui Liu, Tao Wang, Yan-Bi Yu, Cong-Ming Zou
In this study, the use of biomass briquettes for tobacco curing was evaluated. The curing cost, economic characteristics of cured leaves, and emissions of gas pollutants were analyzed. The use of biomass briquettes for curing can significantly decrease 60.87% labor costs. Although the energy cost of biomass briquettes was higher than that of coal, the chosen production pattern can alleviate this problem. The build-operate-transfer pattern is a promising way in which to increase the production and reduce the cost of biomass briquettes. The recycling of waste biomass improves the utilization efficiency of waste resources and reduces the potential environmental problems associated therewith. The emissions of CO2, CO, and SO2 of biomass briquettes were decreased by 57.28%, 95.45%, and 98.06%, respectively. Biomass briquettes are a valuable, promising means of recycling waste biomass and directly applying it to industrialization and production. According to the performances and combustion characters of biomass briquettes, the structure and performance of biomass fuel furnace need to be improved, which can promote the suitability of biomass briquettes. The total cost of biomass briquettes for curing is equivalent to that of coal, and the quality of the cured tobacco leaves is good so the use of biomass briquettes for tobacco curing is a good example of the drying of agricultural products and will be a promising environmentally-friendly renewable fuel for industrial application.
Cashew nut husk and babassu coconut husk residues: evaluation of their energetic properties
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Antônia Mabrysa Torres Gadelha, Francisca Diva Lima Almeida, Ronaldy Araújo Silva, Jackson Queiroz Malveira, Ada Amélia Sanders Lopes, Maria Alexsandra De Sousa Rios
However, one sustainable way of utilizing this energy potential is the development of cashew nuts husk briquettes and babassu coconut husk briquettes which will provide more energy per unit of volume. The manufacturing of biomass briquettes refers to a technique that increases the density of biomass by mechanical compression and provides biomass briquettes with uniform size (Gami et al. 2011; Li et al. 2019). The main concept for the conversion of agro-residues in briquettes is to substitute the wood in thermal energy devices and to utilize the agro-residues (Gangil 2015).