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Bioenergy Plants: A Sustainable Solution for Heavy Metal Phytoremediation
Published in Jos T. Puthur, Om Parkash Dhankher, Bioenergy Crops, 2022
P.P. Sameena, Nair G. Sarath, Louis Noble, M.S. Amritha, Om P. Dhankher, Jos T. Puthur
Bioenergy indicates the energy recovered from organic matter or biomass. Nowadays, fossil fuels contribute mainly towards the global energy demands. Bioenergy is an efficient alternative and can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and play a significant role in replacing petroleum-based fuels (Wu et al. 2018). Thus, the dedicated bioenergy plants, which have improved adaptation to the heavy metal polluted lands, can be effectively used for the coupled phytoremediation and bioenergy production (Sameena and Puthur 2021). In the current literature, various phytoremediation mechanisms functional in the bioenergy plants, production of biofuels from phytoremediation biomass, the quality assessment of biofuels, involvement of microbial system for bioenergy production and phytomining are taken into consideration and extensive analysis has been made to detail the aspects of the coupled role of phytoremediation and bioenergy production.
A Perspective on the Sustainable Bioenergy Production Coupled with Wastewater Treatment
Published in Kuppam Chandrasekhar, Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu, Bio-Electrochemical Systems, 2022
Swati Sambita Mohanty, Satya Sundar Mohanty
The best option to replace the existing energy sources is biogas, biofuels such as bioethanol, and biohydrogen. Biogas, a form of renewable bioenergy, has a composition of methane (45–70%), carbon dioxide (30–40%), nitrogen (1–15%), and traces of hydrogen sulphide as its main components, the constitution of which varies based on the source of origin (Hill et al., 2006). The most commonly synthesized and studied biofuels are bioethanol and biodiesel. The alcohol produced from the fermentation of carbohydrate-rich crops such as corn, sugarcane, etc. is known as bioethanol. Even the non-food sources of cellulosic biomass, such as grasses and trees, are also used as the source of the production of bioethanol. Microalgae is able to amass 100 times more oil components compared to its contemporary crop products (IEA, 2013). Similarly, renewable electricity or heat energy synthesized from biomass are known as bioelectricity and biopower, respectively.
Efficient and Low-Carbon Energy Solution through Polygeneration with Biomass
Published in Subhas K. Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2021
Sources of biomass may vary widely. In some cases, it affects the food security, specifically when foodstuffs (e.g., sugarcane) are used for biofuel production. Unsustainable production of biomass from forest, or use of agricultural land for bioenergy harvesting may damage the biodiversity and food supply. Hence, proper planning is required for uninterrupted and sustainable supply of biomass without affecting the food security and environment. However, the use of residues from forest and agriculture can be a sustainable solution (Bentsen et al., 2014). Use of abandoned agricultural land may be another suitable source of biomass (Campbell et al., 2008). Sustainable production and use of energy crops may be another possible option. For third and fourth generation biofuel production, algae is an emerging option, as discussed later.
Simultaneous computational modelling and experimental validation for Sterculia urens oil extraction for biodiesel application
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Praveena Nagarajan, Sivakumar Pandian, Ilango Karuppasamy, Renganathan Sahadevan
The critical driving forces for developing alternate fuels are environmental problems, global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels. Hence the scarcity of petroleum reserves in the future will make renewable energy resources more attractive. Utilizing alternate fuels is the only way to meet this alarming demand for petroleum fuels. Globally, bioenergy accounts for 55% of renewable energy, which is more than 6% of the total energy supply. Using bioenergy instead of fossil fuels by 2030 will lead to net zero emissions by 2050 [1]. Among the various biofuels, biodiesel has become important; it is generally defined as monoalkyl esters of triglycerides and fatty acids of biological origin [2]. Biodiesels can be used directly in existing compression ignition engines with or without engine modifications and burn similarly to petro-diesel. They are also eco-friendly, biodegradable and renewable and emit less pollution compared to conventional diesel [3].
Cashew nutshell liquid: A potential inedible source of biodiesel for heavy duty vehicles in sub-Saharan Africa
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Robert K. Biscoff, Christopher C. Enweremadu
It is therefore a well-established fact that the energy sector is responsible for two-thirds of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (IEA 2020a). The International Energy Agency (IEA) has focused on and proposed various mitigation initiatives and established a “Two-Degrees Scenario” (2DS), which outlines a quick decarburization pathway in accordance with the international target. According to Giner, Palandri, and Debnath (2019), there is a 50% chance of limiting future global average temperature increases to 2°C by 2100. Bioenergy is a critical component of the future low carbon global energy system if climate change commitments are to be met (IEA 2020b; Nogueira et al. 2020; Tvaronavičienė et al. 2020). Long-term CO2 emissions reduction will require low-carbon alternative fuels like biodiesel made from agricultural post-harvest residues and agro-industrial waste, as well as technologies to improve powertrains (IEA 2019; Voca and Ribic 2020). However, in the light of 2DS, limited progress is being made in shifting to greener fuels for automobiles in Africa and the Middle East (Miller et al. 2018; Nogueira et al. 2020).
A review on thermochemical biomass gasification techniques for bioenergy production
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Dharmendra D. Sapariya, Umang J. Patdiwala, Hitesh Panchal, P V Ramana, Jignesh Makwana, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
Processes of thermochemical and biochemical conversion convert solid degradable wastage into bio-power and bio-fuel. Bioenergy is energy available from biological sources from natural materials. Figure 1 shows increment in year-wise progress of installed capacity in MW power output based on biomass as sources in India. Figure 2 shows year-wise electricity generation using biomass as fuel, natural biomass gas, and electricity derived from organic matter within India (IRENA). Thermochemical conversion is done by heating feedstock to liberate a gaseous form of energy. Biochemical conversions turn the biomass by anaerobic digestion or fermentation process into gaseous or liquid fuels. Both gasification techniques are used for transforming low-value biomass feed into electricity and transport fuels. Gasification converts any carbonaceous materials to producce gases fuel, taking place in upstream processing, gasification, and downstream processing (Stiegel and Maxwell 2001).