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Published in J. Russell Boulding, Epa Environmental Engineering Sourcebook, 2019
J.L. Sims, R.C. Sims, R.R. Dupont, J.E. Matthews, H.H. Russell
Hydraulic fracturing has been successfully utilized in petroleum engineering in many types of geologic materials, ranging from granite to poorly consolidated sediments. For remedial applications, it has been demonstrated in soft clay soils at shallow depths, but has not yet been demonstrated in a wide range of soils or at waste sites. For use in remedial applications, hydraulic fracturing has been classified by the U.S. EPA as an emerging technology (i.e., research on its use is in progress) (Murdoch et al., 1990).
Introduction
Published in Jon Steinar Gudmundsson, Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Production, 2017
The precipitation of the big five solids occurs due to changes in temperature, pressure and composition (concentration). These intensive properties change with time during the life-time of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Petroleum engineering is the field of study that measures and models the changes in pressure and temperature from reservoir conditions to the surface, and along flowlines to processing facilities.
Simulating fracture initiation from inclined wellbore in layered reservoir using analytical model
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Fracture initiation pressure (FIP) is a necessary parameter for preventing lost circulating during drilling, well completion, and hydraulic fracturing (Xu et al. 2019). Layered reservoirs are the increased interest in petroleum engineering for the successful exploitation of shale oil and gas reservoirs (Wang et al. 2018). The rocks have laminated structures with directional properties, resulting in different mechanical properties along the orientation parallel and perpendicular to layered planes, which are called as transverse isotropy (Khan et al. 2011). The anisotropic mechanical properties exhibit variations in elastic modulus as well as strength (Rybacki et al. 2015), both of which are factors influencing FIP from wellbore. Field data in shale reservoirs show that the initiation pressure of hydraulic fracture considering anisotropy can be lower or higher by up to 100% than that in isotropic conditions (Prioul et al. 2011), so the effects of anisotropic properties (i.e., elastic modulus and tensile strength) should be considered to predict FIP accurately (Ma et al. 2019a).