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Crude Properties
Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
Crude oils represent mixtures of a large number of hydrocarbon components with many different physical and chemical characteristics. It is impractical to represent them compositionally based on their constituent compounds, and instead, a crude oil assay provides a compilation of laboratory and pilot plant data that characterize the bulk properties of crude and its behavior during refining. Petroleum refiners are primarily interested in the products that can be formed in the refinery and the chemical composition and physical properties of the fractions. In this chapter, the most important properties of (whole) crude oils are illustrated using assays from two U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve blends: Bayou Choctaw Sour and West Hackberry Sweet. Two crudes are never enough for generalization, but are used here to illustrate basic properties and to compare data with expectations. In Chapter 15, fraction properties and correlative relations of additional blends are examined.
Process design Optimisation, heat integration, and techno-economic analysis of oil refinery: A case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Khalaf J. Jabbar, Sharif H. Zein, Abbas H. Hasan, Usama Ahmed, A. A. Jalil
In this section, the characterization of Iraqi Basrah light-2015 and Kirkuk-2011 crude oils and input data need to be installed on the Aspen HYSYS simulation. Crude oil refineries use blended crude oils from a multiplicity of crude oils due to operational conditions and feed availability. Crude oil assay is combination data of physical and chemical properties used to describe and determine the suitability and behavior of crude oil under specific conditions to evaluate the yield and quality of the product. The crude oil assay also gives the required information to refiners to make a decision in the areas of crude selection, scheduling, and planning. It is also used in the optimization of various petrochemical processes. Typical crude oil assay contains most of the important bulk specifications including viscosity, characterization factor, amount of sulfur content, and API gravity at two different temperatures. Petroleum assay also has other important specifications, such as the composition of light ends by mass%, which is represented by the following chemical compounds: methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, iso-pentane, and n-pentane, cuts density curve value for two temperatures, cuts molecular weight, cuts boiling points and their cumulative base on weight mass%, and cumulative sulfur content by mass%. In this paper, two different crude oils were used for the distillation process, and their specifications and characteristics are tabulated in Table 1(Hamid 2010).