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Key Factors in Mechanical Power Transmission Failure
Published in Randy Riddell, Practical Root Cause Failure Analysis, 2022
Gearbox lubrication is typically either splash lubrication or pressure lubrication. Splash lubrication utilizes oil level and gears, picking up oil and slinging oil to bearings and gears. Pressure lubrication utilizes a pump distributing oil to lube points in the gearbox. Splash lubrication relies on the oil level being correct as a critical checkpoint. An oil dipstick may be utilized for verifying oil level and must have the gearbox down for an accurate assessment of oil level. An oil sight glass may also be used to verify oil levels. Running and down oil levels most of the time will not be the same so careful attention to detail on level monitoring. One advantage of pressure lubrication is the oil level is not quite as critical and there is the ability to filter the oil before application.
Bearings and Seals
Published in Peter Lynwander, Gear Drive Systems, 2019
In a splash lubrication system the gearbox is filled with oil to a level that the gears and bearings are dipping into the lubricant as they rotate. At low speeds the heat generated can be dissipated through the casing and the unit reaches a satisfactory equilibrium temperature. Typical of such applications are electric or hydraulic motor speed reduction units. If heat generation becomes excessive the casing can be air or water cooled and an integral splash lubrication system may still be satisfactory. As speeds and loads increase a circulating system may be necessary with an external oil cooler.
Power Transmission and Gearing Systems
Published in Wei Tong, Mechanical Design and Manufacturing of Electric Motors, 2022
The selection of the gear lubrication method depends on the type of gearing system, the tangential speed at gear contact surfaces, gear dimension, and environmental conditions. Generally, there are three gear lubrication methods used in the gear industry: Grease lubricationThis is the most popular lubrication method across a broad spectrum of industries. The technique is suitable for low-speed operation. However, due to its limited cooling efficiency, it is not recommended for continuous-duty or heavily loaded applications.Oil splash lubricationSplash lubrication, also referred to as oil bath, is used for light duty and low rotational speed applications. The effectiveness of oil splash lubrication is heavily dependent on the speed of the gears. A common rule of thumb is that a tangential speed of at least 3 m/s is required for effective lubrication. This lubrication technique has been extensively used in the automobile industry.Forced oil circulation lubricationThis method, including oil mist, oil spray, and oil drop, is preferred for high-speed applications. This lubrication system requires an integrated pump, which supplies a lubricant from its reservoir and delivers it to the gears and bearings, and other auxiliary components such as a filter for particulates.
Numerical and experimental investigation of splashing oil flow in a hypoid gearbox
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2018
Qianlei Peng, Liangjin Gui, Zijie Fan
Splash lubrication is widely used in engineering machinery, particularly in low-speed and heavy-loading transmission systems, such as vehicle transmissions and axles. It is difficult and inefficient to predict splashing oil flow using a theoretical or empirical method due to its unsteady nature and multiphase oil-air flow state. This engineering problem is more noteworthy for the hypoid gearbox in consideration of the compact space and the cross layout.