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Innovative financing and investment decisions
Published in Zongzhi Li, Transportation Asset Management, 2018
Based on recent studies, road pricing was found to reduce cross-subsidies among users, increase the horizontal equity, and potentially solve the funding gap of total highway costs (FHWA, 1998c). Nevertheless, user acceptance is a major barrier. Charging vulnerable groups such as lower-income, elderly, and disabled users is a concern, but it depends on the percentage of lower-income users on the highway, the ride quality, and revenue utilization (Giuliano, 1994; Rajé, 2003; Parry, 2008; Burris et al., 2013). Kain (1994) indicated that road pricing could reduce the subsidies that users pay and increase their travel choices as well. Research studies also revealed that the issue of equity could be addressed by using a portion of the revenue generated from the road pricing to mitigate negative impacts created by the system (Levine and Garb, 2000; King et al., 2007). The resistance from all the other factions, such as the freight industry and government, are due to political motivations, distrust due to past mistakes, and inefficient usage of revenues (Samuel, 2000; Vassallo and Sánchez-Soliño, 2007; Bain, 2009).
Stress and the Environment: The Impact of the Motor Vehicle
Published in J. Rose, Human Stress and the Environment, 2021
Space for roads is a scarce resource, but seldom are its real effects taken into account in traffic forecasts. Road pricing is a measure that goes some way towards recognition of the social and economic costs of transport—this entails charging motorists extra to drive in congested areas. As well as discouraging more vehicles from travelling in an already over-congested space, revenue gained from such a scheme can be directed towards improving public transportation systems and improving the local environment.
Applications of GNSS
Published in Basudeb Bhatta, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, 2021
The GNSS Road Pricing system can charge road users based on the data from GNSS sensors inside vehicles (Aigong 2006). Advocates argue that road pricing using GNSS permits a number of policies such as tolling by distance on urban roads and can be used for many other applications in parking, insurance, and vehicle emissions. However, critics argue that GNSS could lead to an invasion of people’s privacy.
Toward a reduction of car-based leisure travel: An analysis of determinants and potential measures
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2023
Anne Baumgartner, Iljana Schubert, Annika Sohre, Uros Tomic, Corinne Moser, Paul Burger
Road pricing is applied to reduce overall traffic inflow or to reduce traffic load in peak hours in many big cities, such as London, Oslo, and Stockholm (Santos & Fraser, 2006). A study on behalf of the Swiss Federal Roads Office examined a possible road pricing solution for the region of the capital of Bern. The study concludes that an area-pricing model with a day rate of CHF 5.00 will bring a reduction in cars entering the city zone together with a positive cost-benefit ratio (Suter et al., 2015). Therefore, we set the road-pricing fee to CHF 5.00 for entering the city, which led to total cost of CHF 6.75 (i.e., including the cost of driving 5 km) for the short-distance trip and CHF 40.00 (i.e., including the cost of driving 100 km) for the longer-distance trip. The cost increase in the road pricing treatment for the short distance was therefore quite high. It raised the trip cost by the fourfold compared to the cost shown to the control group.
The effects of road pricing on transportation and health equity: a scoping review
Published in Transport Reviews, 2021
Kate Hosford, Caislin Firth, Michael Brauer, Meghan Winters
Many cities are looking to road pricing as a potential strategy to manage demand for the road, and to achieve transport and environmental goals. Road pricing is any charge applied to use the road, including congestion charges, distance-based fees, and highway and bridge tolls. In addition to reducing traffic congestion, these systems can raise revenue for transportation investments which may be directed towards road infrastructure or targeted towards other modes such as public transit, walking, and cycling infrastructure. Large-scale road pricing policies have been implemented in Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan, and Gothenburg in the form of area and cordon-based road pricing systems. In such systems drivers have to pay to cross a boundary, often situated around the city centre. The road pricing policies in these cities have been successful in reducing traffic congestion (Börjesson & Kristoffersson, 2015; Croci, 2016; Eliasson, Hultkrantz, Nerhagen, & Rosqvist, 2009).
An urban consolidation center in the city of Copenhagen: A simulation study
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2019
Wouter van Heeswijk, Rune Larsen, Allan Larsen
Municipalities often incorporate administrative measures to reduce the negative effects of heavy freight transport, which may be beneficial for UCCs. Quak and de Koster (2009) divide administrative measures into three classes, namely (i) road pricing (e.g., a price per kilometer for certain vehicle types), (ii) licensing and regulation (e.g., truck bans, license fees or limited access times based on weight or engine class), and parking and unloading (e.g., a dedicated unloading bay for small trucks). By working with light and environmentally friendly vehicles, the UCC may obtain a competitive advantage over larger trucks used by carriers.