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Surface Preparation
Published in Karan Sotoodeh, Coating Application for Piping, Valves and Actuators in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry, 2023
Answer: Pickling and passivation is a type of chemical cleaning performed on stainless steels to remove low chromium layers and promote a protective layer of chromium oxide. Thus, option B, chemical cleaning, is correct.
The Chemistry of Hazardous Materials
Published in Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo, Rapid Review of Chemistry for the Life Sciences and Engineering, 2021
Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo
Sulfuric acid, once known as the oil of vitriol, is the least expensive of the commercially prepared acids and can be prepared and shipped in pure form. It is used by the fertilizer industry to convert insoluble phosphate rock into soluble superphosphate, which supplies phosphate ions required by growing plants. Sulfuric acid is also used as the electrolytic solution in automobile batteries, as well as in metal treatment known as a “pickling process.” Pickling here means dipping the metal part in a bath of sulfuric acid to remove rust and other contaminants.
Basic Materials Engineering
Published in David A. Hansen, Robert B. Puyear, Materials Selection for Hydrocarbon and Chemical Plants, 2017
David A. Hansen, Robert B. Puyear
Pickling is a chemical process often used to descale or clean new stainless steel materials, components or assemblies. (See ASTM A3 80 for recommended procedures.) For heavily oxidized materials, the pickling process should be of a duration long enough to remove the chromium-depleted surface beneath the layer of scale. The acid solutions used to pickle stainless steels usually contain sufficient nitric acid (a good oxidizer) that a subsequent passivation step is unnecessary.
Numerical simulation of the probability of corrosion initiation of RC elements made of reinforcing steel with improved corrosion performance
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2018
David Conciatori, Eugen Brühwiler, Christian Linden
The corrosion performance of steel reinforcing bars is usually expressed in terms of the critical chloride ion content which is the chloride concentration required to initiate the corrosion reactions. Standard reinforcing steel is carbon steel in which the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon in the range of 0.12–2.0 vol.-% (Total Materia, 2001). Different process and interstitial alloying constituents allow increasing the corrosion performance: (1) Rolling is a metal-forming process in which the metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness in a uniform way. A rolling skin appears around the rebar with different characteristics and recrystallisation temperature than the core material (DeGarmo, Black, Kohser, & Klamecki, 1997). (2) Manganese and nitrogen in lean duplex stainless steel are used to balance the duplex microstructure and to give approximately equal amounts of austenite and ferrite (Johansson & Pettersson, 2010). (3) Pickling is a metal surface treatment used to remove impurities to homogenise and smoothen the surface.
Use of GDOES method for evaluation of the quality and thickness of hot dip galvanised coating
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2018
A precondition for achieving a high-quality galvanised coating is perfect wetting of the surface of the component in the zinc melt. The components intended for hot dip galvanising are subjected to chemical pre-treatment to achieve a metallic clean surface and for its activation. Steel is first degreased in the degreasing bath and then pickled in pickling bath. Metal pickling is used to remove iron scale, oxides and corrosive products or other soluble impurities. Flux is applied to the surface before the immersion in the zinc melt. The material is soaked in a liquid flux bath and it is subsequently dried in the dry process (used in this work). Afterwards, the batch is placed into a zinc bath.14
Optimization of mild steel corrosion inhibition by water hyacinth and common reed extracts in acid media using factorial experimental design
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2022
Mohamed A. Omran, Manal Fawzy, Alaa El Din Mahmoud, Ossama A. Abdullatef
Corrosion phenomenon is one of the major issues in most industries because it affects the metallic substances which adversely influence the process efficiency and its economy (1). As mild steel is the widely used materials in industries and households due to low cost and mechanical strength, it is known to be heavily corroded in acidic medium. In various industries and applications, acid pickling is a common method for cleaning metallic surfaces and removing the former scaling layer on a substrate although it can cause undesirable corrosion as a side effect (2).