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Fossil Energy Sources
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Natural Gas for Vehicles (NGV) is the form of natural gas used as fuel for vehicles. NGV is purified natural gas, primarily composed of pure methane, which is transported through a pipeline, or via truck (under pressure) to gas stations. At the gas stations, low pressure gas will be compressed and stored at high pressure (3000–3600 PSI), and can be then injected into the vehicles’ gas tanks.
Alternative Fuel Paths
Published in Michael Frank Hordeski, Alternative Fuels—The Future of Hydrogen, 2020
Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) operate like conventional liquid gasoline or diesel-powered vehicles in that they burn a gaseous mixture of fuel and air in an engine. Natural gas has the advantage of already being a gas, which helps the engine run cleaner.
Natural Gas
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
There are several different types of commercially available natural gas, some of which are as follow: Pipe natural gas or natural gas that is transported via pipeline, is known in commercial terms as sale gas. Sale gas is mainly composed of methane. It is transmitted to customers to be used as fuel at power generation and industrial plants. It is not used for residential purposes, but instead 24% of the energy generated in the US comes from natural gas, and its share is increasing as new deposits are discovered and exploited.Coalbed methane is basically a type of natural gas that is extracted from coal beds. Coal seams that contain some coalbed methane and are isolated from other fluid units are also called coalbed methane reservoirs. By analysis and comparison of the typical coalbed methane reservoirs, these can be divided into hydrodynamic sealing coalbed methane reservoirs, and self-sealing coalbed methane reservoirs.Currently, hydrodynamic sealing reservoirs are the main target for coalbed methane exploration and development, since self-sealing reservoirs are unsuitable for profitable coalbed methane extraction.Natural Gas for Vehicles (NGV) is the form of natural gas used as fuel for vehicles. NGV is purified natural gas, primarily composed of pure methane, which is transported through a pipeline, or via truck (under pressure) to gas stations. At the gas stations, low pressure gas will be compressed and stored at high pressure (3000–3600 PSI), and can be then injected into the vehicles’ gas tanks.Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas that is liquefied by lowering its temperature to −160°C. At this temperature it becomes liquid and is 600 times smaller in volume. It is then stored at atmospheric pressure in specially designed vessels (tanker trucks, railroad cars, or cargo ships) and transported to end users. The cost of waterway transport today is most convenient for distribution to many areas of the world, and could be less than transportation through pipeline.Cooking gas (LPG) has a commercial name of liquefied petroleum gas or LPG which is a product from the oil refineries, or the gas separation plants. LPG is a mixture of several hydrocarbon gases, with propane and butane as the major constituents. LPG can be in any ratio or purely propane or butane. LPG is sold in pressurized bottles and can be used as fuel in homes, industry and transportation. Natural gas is not used directly for domestic cooking and heating purposes.
Analysis of natural gas vehicle acceptance behavior for Klang Valley, Malaysia
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2021
The emissions from the road transport are directly proportional to the amount of gasoline and diesel consumption (Mande, 2015). In particular, one liter of gasoline burned releases about 2.4 kg of CO2 (Mahlia, Saidur, Memon, Zulkifli, & Masjuki, 2010). In response to the environmental concern, one key strategy to achieve the emission reduction is to substitute fossil gasoline and diesel by alternative fuel type, for instance hydrogen, electricity, natural gas or biomethane (von Rosenstiel, Heuermann, & Husig, 2015). The vehicle that operates with alternative fuel type is known as alternative fuel vehicle (AFV). Among the different types of AFVs, natural gas vehicles (NGVs) were among the first mature and marketable technologies. NGVs are fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG) and they could reduce GHG emissions by 17%-24% compared to gasoline and diesel vehicles and even up to 95% when fueled with biomethane (EUCAR, 2011). Technically, NGV operates similarly to the conventional vehicles but they use natural gas as fuel. By installing a conversion system (i.e., a tank, fuel pressure regulators and fuel lines) on the vehicles, it could convert the conventional engines into bi-fuel engines that could be powered by natural gas (Khoo, 2012).