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Fiber Architecture
Published in P. K. Mallick, Processing of Polymer Matrix Composites, 2017
Knitted fabrics are produced by interlooping one or more yarns on a knitting machine, similar to that used for making garments. The interloops are formed by a row of closely spaced needles which move back and forth to pull yarns through previously formed loops (Figure 2.11). There are two basic types of knits: weft knits and warp knits (Figure 2.12). In weft knits, a single yarn is fed in the width or cross-machine direction of the knitting machine, which forms a row of knit loops across the width of the fabric. In warp knits, multiple yarns are fed in the length or machine direction and each yarn forms a line of knit loops in the length direction of the fabric. By controlling the stitch density, a wide range of pore geometry can be generated. Because of the interlooped structure, the maximum fiber packing density in knitted fabrics is lower than that in woven fabrics.
Weft-Knitted Fabrics
Published in Tom Cassidy, Parikshit Goswami, Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 2017
A knitting machine, either hand or power driven is an apparatus that applies mechanical movement and is used to convert a straight continuous length of yarn into loops by a process of interloping for fabric formation. The needle is the primary knitting element of the knitting machine. It uses the help of a sinker, which is the second primary knitting element during the process. The reciprocating movements of the needles are actuated by a device known as a cam, which is another important element along with a jack, a secondary element for weft knitting.
Introduction to Knitting
Published in Yasir Nawab, Syed Talha Ali Hamdani, Khubab Shaker, Structural Textile Design, 2017
Flat knitting machines are the second type of weft knitting. The yarn feeding and working principle are the same as those of circular knitting machines. Flat knitting machines can be categorized on the basis of number of beds and shape of needle beds.
Maglev weft knitting needle driving modeling and PID controller design
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Xiaoyan Zuo, Chengjun Zhang, Tao Xiong, Wenshu Yin, Ming Li, Chi Zhang, Xiaoguang Wu, Li Zhu
In order to eliminate the limitation of the friction knitting needle driving, saving the consumption of the knitting machine in processing, and getting the full clothing technology of the weft knitting machine, a innovation maglev weft knitting needle driving model should be built, and maglev knitting needle driving controller should be designed. So, this work intent to build the maglev knitting needle by the equivalent magnetic circuit model, get the accurate displacement in the maglev knitting needle driving processing. The magnetic force of the needle drivng structure is analyzed by the equivalent magnetic circuit model. A PID controller is designed to obtain stable coil voltage, so as to control the magnetic field through the electromagnetic coil voltage. In this way, the needle can be suspended to any position under the action of magnetic force. It supplies technical support for needle driving of circular and flat knitting machines. It also provides an equipment solution for the diversified design of knitting apparel technology in the future.
Productivity optimization for intarsia single-bed flat knitting machine using genetic algorithm
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Blaga and Draghici (2005) study focused on the design and optimization of a knitting machine’s cam profiles; GA was applied for a real-time knitting machine simulation to test the generated profiles. Kurniawan et al. (2014) showed how scheduling via GA was more efficient than the traditional means: the then optimized production schedule of a textile company minimized completion times for tasks, and efficiently allocated resources for various production processes. Backhouse et al. (1997) initiated a test system to optimize the yarn fiber process: the genetic algorithm was compared with the experimental design technique in several factors, and it was concluded that the genetic algorithm was better. However, while these studies also aimed at minimizing production costs, these studies are not to minimize productivity by optimizing the yarn configuration.
Effects of yarn type, process history, softener type and concentration on wicking and drying properties of cotton plain knitted fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Sena Cimilli Duru, Umut Kıvanç Şahin
For this work, plain jersey fabrics made from siro, ring and open-end yarns were produced on a 14 gauge 30” diameter Mayer&Cie. circular knitting machine. Each fabric sample was produced at one stitch length: l = 0.41 cm. The yarns were tested for yarn count, yarn twist and yarn strength using standard test methods EN ISO 2060, ASTM D1422-99 and EN ISO 2062 in turn. The details of characteristics regarding the yarn types are given in Table 2.