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Properties and applications of engineering materials
Published in Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson
Whereas ductility is the ability of a material to be drawn out in tension, malleability is the ability of a material to be deformed or spread in different directions. This is usually caused by compressive forces during rolling, pressing and hammering operations. Copper is both ductile and malleable but the two properties do not necessarily go together. Lead is extremely malleable but not very ductile, and soon fractures when loaded in tension.
Need for Advanced Materials and Technologies
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Neeraj Kumari, Sushma, Firdaus Parveen
But there are some disadvantages of these lightweight materials. They have high cost. They can be grated more as compared to less grade materials. The ductility diminishes by increasing the strength, creating issues in forming and joining of the materials. The engineers also faced some challenges in designing, component processing, and material behavior in harsh environment (49).
Nanostructuring of Materials by Severe Deformation Processes
Published in Amit Sachdeva, Pramod Kumar Singh, Hee Woo Rhee, Composite Materials, 2021
Aman J. Shukla, Devesh K. Chouhan, Somjeet Biswas
ARB is also a very useful method for nanostructuring. Takata et al. investigated the properties of NS copper processed by up to eight cycles of ARB. The drastic enhancement of YS compared with the coarse-grained structure, with very little loss of ductility, suggests that the addition of trace elements such as phosphorus can increase the mechanical properties of copper [64]. Normally the ductility of a material is commanded by two factors: (1) work hardening and (2) strain rate sensitivity. A high rate of work hardening can affect the necking process to increase the ductility of materials. Accumulation of dislocations hardens the material and hinders further deformation. In NS the density of dislocations is at an extreme level so further increase is impossible. In this case, a low annealing temperature may enhance ductility without compromising strength [57, 65, 66].
Lateral cyclic behavior of bridge columns confined with pre-stressed shape memory alloy wires
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2022
Shengshan Pan, Rui Yue, Huaxing Hui, Shuli Fan
Ductility is defined as the capability of a structural member to sustain inelastic deformations prior to failure, without a substantial strength loss. The ductility coefficient can be divided into the curvature, displacement, and angular ductility coefficients. The displacement and angular ductility coefficients are generally used to reflect the ductility of the component. Table 4 lists the ductility of each specimen averaged from its drift ratios. The displacement ductility is defined as the ratio of the ultimate displacement to the yield displacement. The yield displacement and ultimate displacement refer to the lateral displacements at 80% of ultimate load at the ascending part and descending part of the skeleton curves, respectively (Tawfik, Badr, and ElZanaty 2014). The ultimate joint rotation is used to represent the angular ductility coefficient, which is the ultimate displacement divided by the calculation height of the specimen.
Thermal and surface analysis of copper–CNT and copper–graphene-based composite using Taguchi–Grey relational analysis
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021
S. Prabhu, R. Ambigai, B.K. Vinayagam
Copper is broadly utilised as a part of many flexible fields for assembly of electrical loops, pipe fittings, brushes, pump wire winding and so forth. Pure copper is soft, malleable and has high ductility. Its bare surface has a reddish-orange colour, it has high thermal and electrical conductivity properties and therefore it is utilised as a constituent of various metal alloys and their applications. Today, composite materials are the new talking point with extensive trials being conducted due to their enhanced properties compared to pure metals. Similarly, high surface nanomaterials are also creating a lot of buzz in the engineering field. Two such materials are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene which can be infused into metals so as to enhance their properties without increasing their masses (Mamalis et al. 2004). CNT has the disadvantage of getting disintegrated into carbon atoms upon heating above 1200°C. Copper, with a lower melting point compared to ferrous metals, is suitable for making metal-nanomaterial composites. Graphene, with its 2D densely packed hexagonal structure, gives a lubricating property and provides additional tensile strength (Babul et al. 2016) when mixed with pure copper. The uniform dispersion quality of nanomaterials is an influencing factor which governs the homogeneity and mechanical properties of these composites.
Experimental investigations of electrochemical micromachining of nickel aluminum bronze alloy
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2020
Sarangapani Palani, Poovazhagan Lakshmanan, Rajkumar Kaliyamurthy
Machining of Cu and its alloys in a conventional manner produce continuous chips, which leads to irregular surfaces and higher circularity. This is attributed to the high ductility of Cu and its alloys.[8] Production of miniature holes required in many engineering components, especially those made from NAB alloy includes medical devices and electronic units.[9,10] This has motivated the researchers to carry out experimental research on non-traditional machining methods, which are the alternate routes for micro/mesoscale machining of Cu-based alloys.[2] The majority of the non-traditional machining processes are thermal oriented and generally result in thermal defects like heat-affected zone, recast layer, and tiny fractures on the machined surfaces.[11] These quality affecting characteristics have directed the researchers to choose a non-thermal energy-based micromachining process.