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Product and Equipment Analysis
Published in Sunderesh S. Heragu, Facilities Design, 2022
In this section, we examine some details of the body assembly of the 3.5-volt halogen otoscope introduced in Section 6.3.1. The engineering drawing of one of the otoscope’s assemblies (the light pipe assembly with a part code of 217024-1) is shown in Figure 6.4. This engineering drawing assists the manufacturing or process engineer in determining the processes necessary for manufacturing the product. The drawing also provides some additional notes (not shown) for various operations that are indicated by circled numbers. These are notes on special tolerances, material used, minimum functional capabilities of the finished product (e.g., the light pipe assembly must transmit at least 80% of usable light output); filling material to be used, if any; minimum dimensions before certain operations such as bending; and what to do in the event of deformation or cracks (e.g., reject, rework, correct process, but allow current batch to proceed). The drawing also gives information on where, when, and by whom the part was manufactured, as well as its identification number.
Datums
Published in James D. Meadows, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, 2017
The main purpose of a design drawing is to convey functional requirements of the part(s) to the manufacturing and quality personnel, so they can produce a high-quality, functional product at the lowest possible cost. Even though the drawing isn’t usually dictatorial in what machining practice or tool is to be used to obtain a desired shape or finish, the tolerancing engineer must realize that when he assigns datums he is loading the machine for the manufacturer--even telling the inspector how the part is to be inspected. Some latitude on the manufacturer’s and inspector’s part is, of course, built into the system. For example, it is up to the inspector whether to use receiver gages, surface plate set-ups, Coordinate Measuring Machines, optical inspection, paper gaging, or a combination of these tools and other methods. Still, even these decisions are influenced by the symbols and their placement used by the tolerancing engineer. The designer must consider his/her own requirements and then those of the manufacturing and inspection facility.
Design management in action
Published in Colin Gray, Will Hughes, Building Design Management, 2007
The interaction with the specialist takes place through three stages. Discussion about the feasibility of using their products and techniques.The development of the individual components, and ensuring fit and fixing co-ordination.The development of manufacturing or shop drawing information to enable the individual components to be manufactured.
Mechanism of hydrodynamic viscosity variation and convective boundary for flow of micropolar nanofluid within porous medium
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2023
Bilal Ahmad, Munazza Saeed, Qazi Mahmood ul-Hassan, Tasawar Abbas, Mazhar Mehmood
Non-Newtonian fluids commonly have variable viscosity. In a broad-spectrum, viscosity might be a function of pressure, density temperature or shear stress. But commonly viscosity is taken as a function of temperature. A variety of research have been done to get an insight into the effects of various models connected to varying viscosity. Isaac [36] discussed temperature dependent viscosity of micropolar fluid along a melting surface. Hot rolling, wire drawing processes, paper and textile production and drawing of plastic films are some of these types of applications. Various researchers have scrutinized the impact of variable fluid properties along with stretching surfaces for numerous fluids with miscellaneous geometry and conditions as in Refs [37–39]. Some of the most related work is shown in Refs [40–46].
Significance of thermo-diffusion and chemical reaction on MHD Casson fluid flows conveying CNTs over a porous stretching sheet
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2023
U. S. Mahabaleshwar, K. N. Sneha, Abderrahim Wakif
The boundary layer circulates according to the stretching sheet. Here we observed the impact of the MHD boundary layer on fluid motion. Heat and mass transfer in accelerating sheets are extensively investigated in the vast area of engineering applications. Thin-film manufacturing, wire drawing, polymer extrusion, glass fiber synthesis, and hot rolling are only a few examples of industrial applications. In an accelerating sheet, energy and mass transfer plays a significant role in defining the required result. The focus of analytical studies on boundary-layer flows is dedicated to continuous accelerating sheets with MHD effects, as well as porous media. Sakiadis [1–3] is the first to investigate the behavior on continuous surfaces. Crane [4] later explored this topic in-depth, stating that the velocity of a moving strip is proportional to the distance from the slit. Many researchers were encouraged by this study to include the stretching function in their studies. Mahabaleshwar et al. [5,6] observed stretching sheet problems with various boundary conditions. Andersson [7] investigated the viscous flow across a stretching sheet in the presence of partial slip, obtaining and discussing an exact analytical solution. The quadratic function stretching sheet problem has been solved analytically by Kumaran and Ramanaiah [8], and Kelson [9] investigated the problem of an inclined stretching sheet problem with quadratically varying velocity.
The activation energy in the radiative flow of fourth-grade nanomaterial with convective conditions
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Boundary layer flow has great importance in a situation when fluid and body (surface) are in contact. A thin layer is formed in the flow when fluid attains the velocity of the surface (body) due to drag (friction) forces [23]. In laminar flow influences of such drag (friction) forces are smaller than those of the turbulent flow. Various attempts were made by researchers to regulate machine efficiency by reducing drag forces. These attempts include flow over the tail of planes, wing surface, wind turbine rotor, etc. Further analysis of heat transport during boundary layer flow by moving surfaces has a wide range of applications in industrial processes. These applications include paper production, hot rolling, metal spinning, continuous casting, wire drawing, glass fiber manufacturing, polymer extrusion, etc. The end product in strengthening and thinning of copper (Cu) wires highly depends on heat transport for the stretching surface. In this area very initial attempt to examine viscous fluid by stretching the surface was made by Crane [24]. A few latest articles in this direction can be seen in Refs. [25–30].