China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The port interface
Published in Jason Monios, Rickard Bergqvist, Intermodal Freight Transport and Logistics, 2017
Because of the specific physical attributes, the efficient transport, handling and storage of ISO containers require the interaction of several specialized logistics systems as well as sophisticated coordination of the related system equipment. In seaports, corresponding systems are used for discharging and loading of container vessels at dedicated handling facilities, the seaport container terminals.3 In comparison to conventional break bulk handling, the procurement of equipment for this kind of terminal is quite capital intensive. On the one hand, individual equipment units are comparatively expensive; for example the cost of one ship-to-shore (STS) container crane is €8–10 million. On the other hand, terminal equipment is required in large numbers to simultaneously handle several ships (of partly vast sizes) in adequate time. If a port terminal is not able to meet the market requirements due to poorly organised or ineffective processes, it loses competitiveness and with that its main customers, the container shipping companies. In the long term, companies might prefer to use another container terminal at the port (if available) or another port in the region.
Electrifying Off-Road Motive Power
Published in Clark W. Gellings, 2 Emissions with Electricity, 2020
A ship-to-shore (STS) crane is a large dockside crane that moves containers to and from ships at container ports. STS cranes have a lifting device attached to them called a spreader that picks up and moves containers. Container cranes are classified by their lifting capacity and the size of the containers on the ships they can load and unload. A modern container crane capable of lifting two 20-foot-long containers at a time will typically have a rated lifting capacity of 65 tons.
Development of computer vision informed container crane operator alarm methods
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2022
Ran Yan, Xuecheng Tian, Shuaian Wang, Chuansheng Peng
The container crane plays a vital role in container terminals, whose function is to load and unload containers from container ships. A container crane is operated by a container crane operator, who sits in a special operating cab above the hoist where the best view for carrying out the task is provided. A trolley is operated by the operator to lift or lower containers. The job of container crane operators requires concentration, precision, patience, and good hand-eye coordination. Container crane operators work in a challenging environment as the cab is small, and thus their movements are restricted. Moreover, a work shift of a crane operator is usually four to six hours without a break. After such a prolonged period of repetitive while highly concentrated work, crane operators are highly likely to be exposed to discomfort and pain, resulting in deterioration of their work performance (Pau et al. 2016; Leban et al. 2017 and 2018). Therefore, the probability of unloading a wrong container from multiple stacked containers on a ship might increase. Consequently, the risk of cargo delay is increased and the terminal operational costs, from human, time, and economic perspectives, are also increased.