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Belts, Chains, Clutches, and Brakes
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2022
Of its diverse applications, the most familiar is the roller chain drive on a bicycle. A roller chain is generally made of hardened steel and sprockets of steel or cast iron. Nevertheless, stainless steel and bronze chains are obtainable where corrosion resistance is needed. The geometry of a roller chain is shown in Figure 13.10. The rollers rotate in bushings that are press fitted to the inner link plates. The pins are prevented from turning by the outer links’ press fit assembly. Roller chains have been standardized according to size by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) [7]. The characteristics of representative standard sizes are listed in Table 13.7. These chains are manufactured in single (Figure 13.10(a)), double (Figure 13.10(b)), triple, and quadruple strands. Clearly, the use of multistrands increases the load capacity of a chain and sprocket system.
Belts, Chains, Clutches, and Brakes
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2020
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
Of its diverse applications, the most familiar is the roller chain drive on a bicycle. A roller chain is generally made of hardened steel and sprockets of steel or cast iron. Nevertheless, stainless steel and bronze chains are obtainable where corrosion resistance is needed. The geometry of a roller chain is shown in Figure 13.10. The rollers rotate in bushings that are press fitted to the inner link plates. The pins are prevented from turning by the outer links’ press fit assembly. Roller chains have been standardized according to size by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) [7]. The characteristics of representative standard sizes are listed in Table 13.7. These chains are manufactured in single (Figure 13.10(a)), double (Figure 13.10(b)), triple, and quadruple strands. Clearly, the use of multistrands increases the load capacity of a chain and sprocket system.
Belts, Chains, Clutches, and Brakes
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components, 2018
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
Of its diverse applications, the most familiar is the roller-chain drive on a bicycle. A roller chain is generally made of hardened steel and sprockets of steel or cast iron. Nevertheless, stainless steel and bronze chains are obtainable where corrosion resistance is needed. The geometry of a roller chain is shown in Figure 13.10. The rollers rotate in bushings that are press fitted to the inner link plates. The pins are prevented from turning by the outer links’ press-fit assembly. Roller chains have been standardized according to size by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) [10]. The characteristics of representative standard sizes are listed in Table 13.7. These chains are manufactured in single (Figure 13.10a), double (Figure 13.10b), triple, and quadruple strands. Clearly, the use of multistrands increases the load capacity of a chain and sprocket system.
Physical characteristics and resistance parameters of typical urban cyclists
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Simone Tengattini, Alexander York Bigazzi
Cyclists were first contacted with signage one block in advance of the testing area, followed by research team members with university branding, juice, and snack bars. All cyclists willing to participate were included in the study. After providing consent, participants completed a 3-page questionnaire with socio-demographic and trip-related questions. Simultaneously, participant bicycle characteristics were measured by the research team (make, model, and year, number of gears, tire pressure, tire width, weight, and cargo). Bicycle type was categorised as “road” (drop handlebars, thin smooth tires), “mountain” (flat handlebars, large knobby tires, suspension), “hybrid” (flat handlebars, medium tires), “cruiser” (cruiser handlebars, large smooth tires, upright seating position), and “other” (including e-bikes, tandems, and cargo bicycles). Participants were weighed with all clothing worn during cycling. Bicycles were weighed with any attached cargo due to participant reluctance to remove cargo in pilot testing. Other bags carried by the cyclist (e.g., backpacks) were weighed separately as cargo. Participant weight and height were used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) as ; the mass used in this calculation included the cyclist’s clothes.
Are helmeted cyclists taking more risk at signalized intersections?
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
Alena Katharina Høye, Morten Lind Jensen, Michael Wøhlk Jaeger Sørensen
For each cyclist, the following variables were registered manually from the video recordings: Helmet use (yes/no), gender (male/female), and type of bicycle. Types of bicycle were: Racing bicycle, mountain bike, pedelec, cargo bike, and ordinary bicycle (mostly classical and hybrid bicycles).