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Developments of manufacturing of metal matrix composites for applications in the sports and leisure industries
Published in Steve Haake, The Engineering of Sport, 2020
M. B. Barker, A. M. Davidson, D. Regener
In order to achieve enhanced performance of sports equipment, there is a major drive to utilise structural and functional components which are stronger, lighter, and stiffer than existing materials. Allied to this are the needs to reduce the complexity and cost of manufacturing. A family of materials rapidly moving towards these targets is Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) and examples of commercially successful applications (Pillai 1993) are given below: • bicycle frames such as those manufactured by Specialised Bicycle Components in the USA whose Stumpjumper mountain bike utilises an aluminium-based MMC, resulting in a 50% weight reduction compared with a similar steel-framed model.• bicycle gears, golf club heads and arrow shafts made from aluminium reinforced with particulate silicon carbide.
Pediatric and adolescent injury in mountain biking
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2018
Dennis J. Caine, Kasey Young, Aaron J. Provance
Mountain biking (MTB) is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes. The members of the Velo Club Mount Tamalpais in California generally receive the credit for establishing MTB as a sport. They invented the Repack Downhill race, held regularly between 1976 and 1979 just across the famous Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco (https://www.olympic.org/cycling-mountain-bike#). MTB has grown significantly from its inception and is now a popular recreational and competitive activity for individuals of all ages (Ashwell, McKay, Brubacher, & Gareau, 2012). In the United States, the number of mountain bikers increased from 6.89 million in 2007 to 8.61 million in 2016 (Outdoor Foundation, 2016).