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Geotechnics
Published in Fiona Cobb, Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book, 2020
The 1990 Act set up a scientific framework for assessing the risks to human health from land contamination. This has resulted in Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA) and development of Soil Guideline Values for residential, allotment or industrial/ commercial land use. Where contaminant concentration levels exceed the Soil Guideline Values, further investigation and/or remediation is required. Reports are planned for a total of 55 contaminants and some are available on the Environment Agency website. Without the full set, assessment is frequently made using Guideline Values from the Netherlands. Other frequently mentioned publications are Kelly and the now superseded ICRCL list. Zero Environment has details of the ICRCL, Kelly and Dutch lists on its website.
Land and land use
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
Soil guideline values are one form of environmental benchmark that can be used as a quantitative guideline for concentrations of contaminants in soil in order to allow for a consistent approach to risk assessment of contaminated sites. These guideline values are produced by the Environment Agency based on toxicological information on health effects, produced originally by the Health Protection Agency (now Public Health England) known as Health Criteria Values [40–43]. They are quantitative calculations using conservative input parameters, assumptions and methods which take account of toxicity, routes of exposure (ingestion, inhalation, contact, duration of exposure and receptor sensitivity) to provide indicative intervention values.
Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in school playground soils: A case study of Lagos, Nigeria
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Abimbola O. Famuyiwa, Christine M. Davidson, Aderonke O. Oyeyiola, Sesugh Ande, Yetunde Lanre‐Iyanda, Samuel O. Babajide
This study discussed the concentration and health risk assessments of PTE in school playground soils of Lagos, Nigeria. The results showed that soils studied were characteristically unpolluted since average PTE concentration at each site did not exceed the soil guideline values. However, the EF results showed moderate‐to‐significant enrichment for Pb and Zn, which may suggest some anthropogenic inputs in the soil samples and similar pattern, and Cr, Cu, and Mn were minimally enriched. Ni showed the lowest EF value, which implied no contamination. The EF value, was in the descending order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Mn > Ni, which is similar to the pattern obtained for Igeo.
The assessment of soil contamination by heavy metals using geostatistical sequential Gaussian simulation method
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018
Adem Ersoy, Tayfun Yusuf Yünsel
The quantitative soil contamination assessment maps (both deterministic and probabilistic) are based on soil guideline values (SGV) approach, thus the soil maps are classified on the basis of a determined regularity threshold value. In this case CLEA (2009) SGV for heavy elements Cu, Ni and Cr:130 mg/kg, Zn:300 mg/kg, Ba:400 mg/kg, and Pb:450 mg/kg (Table 1) has been chosen respectively. However, local specific statutory SGV may be used. Toxic effects associated with the ingestion of high concentrations of heavy metals are given in Table 5.