China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Balancing Soil Health and Biomass Production
Published in Larry E. Erickson, Valentina Pidlisnyuk, Phytotechnology with Biomass Production, 2021
Larry E. Erickson, Kraig Roozeboom
Sustainable soil management for all soils is recognized as an important goal for society by FAO, and guidelines and principles have been developed (FAO, 2015, 2017). The guidelines include as follows: (i) minimize soil erosion; (ii) enhance soil organic matter content; (iii) foster soil nutrient balance and cycles; (iv) minimize soil salinization and alkalinization; (v) minimize soil contamination; (vi) minimize soil acidification; (vii) preserve and enhance soil biodiversity; (viii) minimize soil sealing; (ix) prevent and mitigate soil compaction; (x) Improve soil water management. Soil biodiversity and soil organic matter content are related because carbon, nutrients, and energy to support microorganisms and soil fauna are provided by the soil organic matter.
Bioindication and Bioremediation of Mining Degraded Soil
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
Danica Fazekašová, Juraj Fazekaš
The decline in soil biodiversity is one of the eight identified threats to European soil. Despite the Rio Conference in 1992 and the popularization of the concept of biodiversity, there are no laws or regulations for specifically addressing soil biodiversity either at international or domestic level. In a broad sense, biodiversity refers to ‘diversity of life’, which includes ‘diversity within species, between species and ecosystems’ (Convention on Biological Diversity 1992, Havlicek 2012).
Microbial Responses under Climate Change Scenarios: Adaptation and Mitigations
Published in Suhaib A. Bandh, Javid A. Parray, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbial Diversity, 2023
Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Waqas Mohy Ud Din, Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
Global external studies show that soil fungi and bacteria live in certain locations and react in a different way to precipitation and soil pH. Climate change can increase drought and reduce the diversity and prevalence of viruses and fungi in arid regions of the world. Reducing soil biodiversity reduces the overall effectiveness of cropping areas and reduces their ability to contribute to crop growth.
Healthy soil for healthy humans and a healthy planet
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Peter M. Kopittke, Budiman Minasny, Elise Pendall, Cornelia Rumpel, Brigid A. McKenna
The second, highly interconnected, long-term effect of a decrease in soil multifunctionality on human health is an indirect effect, by contributing to climate change and the loss of biodiversity. This not only has long-term effects on the hospitability of our planet, but it also expected to indirectly decrease the ability of humans to produce our food from soil. For example, it is thought that climate change has already decreased consumable calorie production by 1% (Ray et al., 2019) and that by 2050 it is expected that climate change will have decreased per-person global food availability by 3.2% (Springmann et al., 2016). In a similar manner, the loss of soil biodiversity that occurs in intensive agricultural systems is known to decrease overall soil productivity given the critical role of soil biodiversity in suppressing disease-causing organisms and improving nutrient cycling and fertility. Indeed, it has been shown that increasing biodiversity complexity in soil can increase resilience, nutrient-use efficiency, and crop yield (Wall et al., 2015).
Ensuring planetary survival: the centrality of organic carbon in balancing the multifunctional nature of soils
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Peter M. Kopittke, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Yolima Carrillo, Timothy R. Cavagnaro, Deli Chen, Qing-Lin Chen, Mercedes Román Dobarco, Feike A. Dijkstra, Damien J. Field, Michael J. Grundy, Ji-Zheng He, Frances C. Hoyle, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, Shu Kee Lam, Petra Marschner, Cristina Martinez, Alex B. McBratney, Eve McDonald-Madden, Neal W. Menzies, Luke M. Mosley, Carsten W. Mueller, Daniel V. Murphy, Uffe N. Nielsen, Anthony G. O’Donnell, Elise Pendall, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Cornelia Rumpel, Iain M. Young, Budiman Minasny
Multiple studies have examined approaches for quantifying and predicting soil functioning (Greiner et al., 2017; Jónsson & Davíðsdóttir, 2016; Vogel et al., 2019; Zwetsloot et al., 2021), including for the five key soil functions examined here. For C pool regulation, for any given soil, the actual (current) contribution can be quantified by measuring the SOC stock and its change, with SOC being a direct measurement of the primary indicator of this function. For nutrient cycling, quantification of the contribution of soil is complex, but generally includes an assessment of SOC as well as the cation exchange capacity (CEC), with the CEC itself depending upon soil texture and mineralogy, as well as the pH and SOC content. Given the central role of SOC in nutrient cycling within soils, this parameter is often used when quantifying the contribution of soils to inherent nutrient cycling (Sandhu et al., 2008). As a result, for managed soils where the nutrient cycling capacity has been degraded, it is possible to estimate the difference between the potential contribution to nutrient cycling and the actual contribution by estimating the loss of SOC. Soil biodiversity can be measured through a range of approaches, including species richness, diversity indices, or the presence of keystone species and functional diversity (Vogel et al., 2019). However, a key challenge remains to relate these measures of soil biodiversity to the actual functions of the soil, and to understand how to relate changes in soil biodiversity to soil functioning. Finally, for water cycling, for any given soil, the actual contribution to water cycling depends upon a range of soil physical properties (including texture, aggregation, porosity, and water retention), and various chemical properties (including SOC content).
Pesticide use in Thailand: Current situation, health risks, and gaps in research and policy
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Wisanti Laohaudomchok, Noppanun Nankongnab, Somkiat Siriruttanapruk, Pakasinee Klaimala, Witoon Lianchamroon, Prokchol Ousap, Marut Jatiket, Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul, Noppadon Kitana, Wattasit Siriwong, Thiravat Hemachudhah, Jutamaad Satayavivad, Mark Robson, Lindsay Jaacks, Dana Boyd Barr, Pornpimol Kongtip, Susan Woskie
Few studies have examined biodiversity in Thai agricultural lands that use pesticides compared to those which do not and how this may impact productivity in the face of climate change. Organisms that contribute to soil biodiversity by cycling nutrients and participating in the nitrogen cycle can improve soil fertility. In addition, maintaining a diverse crop rotation improves soil fertility. Research in this area could be used to train farmers in agricultural practices that would increase productivity and aid in climate change resilience.