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Polymeric Biomaterials and Current Trends for Advanced Applications
Published in Anandhan Srinivasan, Selvakumar Murugesan, Arunjunai Raj Mahendran, Progress in Polymer Research for Biomedical, Energy and Specialty Applications, 2023
Vineeth M. Vijayan, Suja Mathai, Vinoy Thomas
The analytical branch of polymer science is polymer characterization. The major purpose of the characterization is to enhance the performance of biomaterials. There are a variety of characterization approaches that may be employed to get information about the structures or characteristics of polymeric biomaterials. The properties of polymeric biomaterials include both molecular characterization, such as degree of crystallinity, microstructural information, molecular weight, and macroscopic properties measurement, such as thermal properties, mechanical properties, microstructural information, and time dependence of properties.35 Furthermore, mechanical attributes such as strength, impermeability, thermal stability, and optical properties should be closely connected to desired features.36
Emerging Nature-Based Materials and Their Use in New Products
Published in Graham A. Ormondroyd, Angela F. Morris, Designing with Natural Materials, 2018
Biotemplating may also be possible in the field of organic chemistry and polymer science. Kondo et al. (2002) have been reported to mimic the natural deposition of cellulose microfibrils by bio-directed epitaxial deposition processes. Here they used Acetobacter xylinum to excrete cellulose, which was deposited onto a surface of nematic ordered cellulose, with high chain alignment, which had been previously prepared in the laboratory. The Acetobacter excreted cellulose ribbons, which were aligned with the chain orientation of the substrate, and demonstrated this by video imaging of the motion of the bacteria relative to the alignment direction of the substrate. They reported that the interaction with the ordered cellulose substrate prevented twisting that normally occurs in the ribbons excreted by Acetobacter. The directed will allow highly aligned fibrillar structures to be generated, and it offers the potential to investigate nanostructures and new nanocomposites manufacturing techniques.
Bioenergy and biofuels science and technology
Published in Ozcan Konur, Bioenergy and Biofuels, 2017
It is notable to see the lack of the presence in the top lists of the subject categories related to the materials science and engineering. The major subject categories related to materials were materials science multidisciplinary (2.7%), polymer science (1.9%), materials science paper wood (1.5%), nanoscience nanotechnology (0.8%), and materials science biomaterials (0.8%). As the contribution of nanomaterials and polymeric materials to the research in bioenergy and biofuels increases, it is likely that in the coming decades these subject categories would move up in the category lists.
A tribute to Helmut Ringsdorf
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2023
At that time, typical research topics in polymer science were (i) the synthesis of new (in our modern view: rather ‘simple’) monomers and (ii) the detailed study of their polymerisation and how to get well-processable products from them. Concerning physico-chemical properties, researchers paid full attention to the characterisation of polymer viscosity (rheology) in solution and solid-state properties like crystallinity and bulk viscosity. However, in parallel to this work, new topics in the landscape of polymer arose: They were (i) getting order into ‘plastics’ and (ii) getting more (chemical) functionalities onto polymers to make them useful for completely new areas. And on these topics Helmut Ringsdorf was very active and here he laid the foundation for his greatest achievements: Liquid Crystalline side-chain Polymers (LCPs) and Polymers as Nanomedicines.
Physico-chemical, in-vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial evaluation of L-valine functionalised CuO NPs on polyvinyl alcohol and blended carboxymethyl cellulose films
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2022
Yamanappagouda Amaregouda, Kantharaju Kamanna
Natural biopolymers are highly abundant and applied in polymer science. Cellulose is the highest abundant biopolymer in nature [16], and its derivative carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is extensively used and the cheapest ionic-type cellulose ether. It is a clear and good film-forming, non-toxic, biodegradable material [17]. These properties make it suitable for various applications in cooling development, wound healing, drug delivery, food packaging, gas separation, gas sensor, agriculture applications, and as a binder in Si-based and Li-ion-based battery anodes [18]. The Pristine-CMC film shows faster wound healing and potential application in skin regeneration, thereby restoring the structural and functional characteristics of the skin [19]. CMC-based hydrogels were cytotoxic compatible, considering the in-vitro cell viability responses of over 95% towards the human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293 T) used as a model cell line [20]. Recent papers showed CMC and its composite films are promising materials in food packaging [21–23]. Cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell proliferation, and biocompatibility test for the polymer-doped films play a pivotal role in biomedical application. Recent papers demonstrated that PVA composite with biopolymer and metal oxide nanoparticles showed excellent cytotoxic properties and is used in wound dressing material in biomedical applications [24–26].
Modeling and optimizing a polycaprolactone/gelatin/polydimethylsiloxane nanofiber scaffold for tissue engineering: using response surface methodology
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Mahdieh Dehghan, Mohammad Khajeh Mehrizi, Habib Nikukar
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a synthetic (Zhang et al., 2005), linear, hydrophobic polymer showing high mechanical strength (Chen et al., 2011). Although the electrospun PCL scaffold emulates the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture in living tissues, its poor hydraulic performance reduces the ability of adhesion, migration, proliferation, and cell differentiation (Kim et al., 2006; Li et al., 2006). Therefore, gelatin (GEL) can be combined with PCL to produce a composite scaffold with good properties, such as cell adhesion and proliferation with an acceptable mechanical strength. Electrospun PCL/GEL has been previously used for the assembly of PCL/GEL composite scaffold (Chong et al., 2007; Ghasemi-Mobarakeh et al., 2008). The PCL/GEL 70:30 composite nanofibrous scaffold enhanced the nerve differentiation and proliferation compared to PCL scaffolds and acted as a positive cue to support neurite outgrowth (Ghasemi-Mobarakeh et al., 2008). The PDMS is elastomer polymer (Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, 2014). It has very prominent properties and is used as a biocompatible material in various medical applications (Zhang et al., 2011).