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Introduction of Plasmons and Plasmonics
Published in Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, Santosh Kumar, Yadvendra Singh, 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 2021
Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, Santosh Kumar, Yadvendra Singh
Plasmonics is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic field and photon due to metal-metal/dielectric interface under controlled circumstances. These density waves are developed at optical wavelengths and very precise controllers by outer circumstances. A plasmon is a collective oscillation of electrons on a metal/dielectric interface. The coupling of plasmon with a lightwave creates other forms of quasiparticles, so-called plasma polaritons. Plasmon excitation requires a precise condition of metal film thickness and interface condition with dielectric materials. Hence, free electrons of metal require the interaction with photons on an interface to create plasmonic oscillations. The SPR condition is satisfied at some particular incident angle and an electromagnetic field penetrates to the outer layer of the composite structure (Kedenburg, Vieweg, Gissibl, and Giessen 2012; Lin et al. 2006; Maharana, Jha, and Palei 2014; Ouyang et al. 2016; Wu et al. 2016; Zeng, Baillargeat, Ho, and Yong 2014).
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Published in Luis Liz-Marzán, Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanometals, 2020
Jose M. Romo-Herrera, Ramón A. Alvarez-Puebla, Luis M. Liz-Marzán
Plasmonics has witnessed a tremendous development on the understanding and control of the response of small metal nanoparticles (NPs) to light,1–6 which has relied on the simultaneous progress of theoretical modelling3,7–11 and the high yield synthesisq1,4,12,13 of metal NPs with a wide variety of shapes and sizes. The basis of plasmonics is the coherent collective oscillations of conduction electrons upon interaction with incident light (an electromagnetic radiation), known as localized surface plasmons. Noble metal NPs are excellent candidates as plasmonic building blocks because of both their chemical inertness and their ability of supporting localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in the visible region or the near infrared (NIR). When plasmonic NPs are close, individual plasmon oscillations can couple with each other via near-field interactions, resulting in coupled LSPR modes,5,14 which have a deep impact on the distribution of the electric field around the nanostructure.15
Metal Plasmonics
Published in Myeongkyu Lee, Optics for Materials Scientists, 2019
Plasmonic colors are structural colors that emerge from resonant interactions between light and metallic nanostructures. The engineering of plasmonic colors is a rapidly developing, promising research field that has a large technological impact. Surfaces decorated with structural colors are also receiving tremendous attention due to their widespread use. Plasmonic colors are mainly based on LSPRs, which allow for color printing with subwavelength resolution. In relation to the generation of structural colors by LSPRs, it is important to note that metal nanostructures have absorption cross-sections larger than their physical cross-sections. Nevertheless, localization of the incident electromagnetic energy is crucial for the production of plasmonic colors with high spatial resolution. Metallic nanostructure-based coloration uses the spectral tunability of LSPRs, so it is highly sensitive to the shape, size, and material of the nanostructure. Common materials are gold, silver, and aluminum. Plasmonic coloration technology has a wide variety of applications, including solar cells, filters for color imaging, solid-state lighting components, flat-panel displays, surface decorations, and anti-counterfeiting. To construct plasmonic color devices, nanostructures are typically grouped into micron-scale arrays known as pixels. The shape of the constituent nanostructures, as well as their patterned arrangement, can both be used to modify and improve pixel color properties.
A Graphene based bimetallic plasmonic waveguide to increase photorefractive effect
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2021
Plasmonic waveguides have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their extensive exciting applications [1–6]. Plasmonic waveguide provides large light confinement at a lower loss compared to many other waveguides. Generally, plasmonics can be considered as the light on metal-dielectric interfaces in which electrons, which act like plasma at the optical frequency, are collectively accelerated and decelerated at the surface of metal by the electric field of light with high frequency. The key advantage of plasmonics is breaking the diffraction limit for the localization of light into sub-wavelength dimensions arising from the involvement of electrons in the propagation of light [5]. Specifically, the oscillations of collective electrons form a surface wave which exponentially decays into the two adjacent half-spaces. This collective electronic surface wave oscillating with the frequency of light is called surface plasmon (SP) mode. Although the field decays exponentially into both half-spaces, it has an imaginary wave phase; thus, it propagates along the surface.
Preparation and characterization of photothermal polyurethane/zirconium carbide fibrous membranes via electrospinning
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Qingshuai Yan, Binjie Xin, Zhuoming Chen, Jinhao Xu, Xuanxuan Du, Yue Li, Yan Liu, Lili Xu
The textile-based wearable heaters with photothermal conversion performance are mainly composed of polymers and photothermal conversion materials (PCMs). The polymers endow the textiles with high flexibility and the PCMs are the main component which can affect the ability of textiles to absorb light energy and convert it into heat energy. Generally, the PCMs include carbon-based, metal-based and semiconductor materials (Bi et al., 2020). Carbon-based materials can absorb solar energy and generate heat energy by thermal vibration of molecules. For example, Li et al. prepared a novel type of carbon nanodots (CNDs) and the CNDs have a strong visible to NIR absorption band and efficient NIR photothermal conversion (up to 50%) (Li et al., 2016). Different from carbon-based materials, metal-based materials generate heat energy through plasmonic localized heating after being radiated by light. Hugh et al. performed a set of experiments on photothermal conversion in a water droplet containing gold nanoparticles and they found that the photothermal conversion efficiency of the gold nanofluid can be remarkably close to 1 (Richardson et al., 2009)***. Besides, when the light interacts with semiconductor materials, they generate heat energy by nonradiative relaxation. For example, Wang et al. found that Ti2O3 is an outstanding photothermal material and the temperature of Ti2O3 thin-film was increased to 50 °C under 5 kW/m2 illumination (Wang et al., 2017).
Applications and challenges of elemental sulfur, nanosulfur, polymeric sulfur, sulfur composites, and plasmonic nanostructures
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Yong Teng, Qixing Zhou, Peng Gao
Plasmonic nanostructures were a powerful tool in the manipulation of light, that can guide PSPs and efficiently concentrate light into nanosized volumes. Essentially, the surface plasmon resonance provides a means to control the intensity and location of electromagnetic radiation with subwavelength precision (Jones et al., 2011). These properties make plasmonic nanostructures ideal candidates for future optical circuits and detection techniques (Rycenga et al., 2011). These applications include plasmonic antennas, lenses, nanoscale optical switches, waveguides, light sources, microscopes, lithographic tools, resonators, etc. (Schuller et al., 2010; Anker et al., 2008; Rycenga et al., 2011; Fan et al., 2010; Yanchuk et al., 2010; Anker et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2009). Chemical sensing and information processing are the major applications of plasmonics (Naik et al., 2013). Plasmonic nanostructures were applied for SERS, near-field optical microscopy and LSPR-based sensing in the past. However, the current applications covered LSPR sensing and detection, concentration of light to enhance or manipulate the optical response of nearby molecules, and manipulation of light with the plasmonic circuitry (Rycenga et al., 2011; Le Ru & Etchegoin, 2008).