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Physical Laws of Solar–Thermal Energy Harvesting
Published in Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Amartya Mukhopadhyay, Bikramjit Basu, Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, 2020
Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Amartya Mukhopadhyay, Bikramjit Basu
It is well known that there are four fundamental states of matter. One of these states is plasma in which matter exists in the form of ions. Plasma is an electrically neutral medium of unbound positive and negative particles, that occur at very high temperature and low particle density. Plasmon, a quantum of plasma oscillations, is considered to be the collective oscillation of the free electron gas density. The coherent excitation of conduction electrons near the interface of metal and dielectric surfaces is known as surface plasmon. Specific electromagnetic waves can be generated within a system with proper interactions between electrons and incident photons. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are basically propagating surface plasmons in/on extended structures including metal films or metal nanostructures. In contrast, localized surface plasmons (LSPs) are another type of surface plasmons, which are often in the form of standing waves, in metal nanoparticles.
Introduction to Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguides
Published in Sergey I Bozhevolnyi, Plasmonic, 2019
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic (EM) excitations that, being coupled to surface collective oscillations of free electrons in a metal, are bound to and propagate along metal-dielectric interfaces1–3. Topology of the metal surface and adjacent dielectric determines characteristics of various propagating SPP modes existing at flat and curved, single and multiple surfaces, including SPP modes of complex particle arrays and metal nanostructures. SPP modes are renowned for their ability to concentrate electromagnetic fields beyond the diffraction limit (i.e., on the nanoscale), while enhancing local field strengths by several orders of magnitude. In this introductory chapter, basic properties of the main SPP modes are briefly overviewed leaving out the details that can be found elsewhere1–3, including a very recent book on plasmonics4.
Plasmonic Nanowire Waveguides and Circuits
Published in Hongxing Xu, Nanophotonics, 2017
The development of nanoelectronic integrated circuits is approaching a bottleneck due to the limited operating speed and high power consumption. Compared to electrons, photons as information carriers have the advantage of fast speed, large bandwidth, and low power consumption, which can be used for developing new information technology. However, due to the diffraction limit of light, the scale of dielectric photonic devices is large, which limits the on-chip integration of photonic devices. Since surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can concentrate electromagnetic energy into deep subwavelength volumes, SPP-based devices and components can break the diffraction limit of light and scale down to the nanometer scale. Hence, they are promising for building nanophotonic integrated circuits and merging photonics and electronics at the nanoscale [1,2].
A compact, high gain, spoof surface plasmon polariton sawtooth end-fire antenna
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Binggang Xiao, Xiao Tu, Alexander Fyffe, Xiumin Wang, Zhimin Shi
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are surface waves propagating along the interface between a metal and a dielectric [1]. These surface waves exhibit high spatial confinement and decay exponentially in the transverse direction due to the negative permittivity of the metal. SPPs have the advantage of confining the electromagnetic wave to the sub-wavelength region, proving useful for device miniaturization [2]. It has been demonstrated that spoof SPPs can be excited in the microwave and terahertz frequency band by etching periodic grooves on the surface of a metal [3]. The cut-off frequency can be controlled by adjusting the geometrical parameters of the grooves, which consequently determines the transmission characteristics of spoof SPPs [3]. Spoof SPPs have similar performance to natural SPPs, including the properties of dispersion relationships, strong field confinement at the subwavelength range, and high signal integrity [4]. The discovery of spoof surface plasmon polaritons has generated tremendous interest in the scientific and engineering communities due to their excellent performance in device integration and miniaturization in the terahertz and microwave frequency regimes [5,6]. To date, circuit devices loaded on to spoof SPP waveguides have been applied to splitters [7,8], absorbers [9], filters [10,11], power dividers [12,13] and antennas [14–17].