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Nanoparticles Modifications of Textiles Using Plasma Technology
Published in Prashansa Sharma, Devsuni Singh, Vivek Dave, Fundamentals of Nano–Textile Science, 2023
Hend M. Ahmed, Mehawed Abdellatif Mohamed, Faten Hassan Hassan Abdellatif
Plasma treatment aims to introduce new functional groups to the textile surfaces and change their chemical compositions without influencing the bulk properties of fabrics. The surface treatments usually occur in an intensity of few hundred astronomy (Fridman, 2008). The treatments take place because of their interaction with the plasma material. Plasma leads to formation of charged particles, for example, ions and electrons. Moreover, atoms/mole-cules, met stables, and free radicals are present in the region of active plasma and photons because of the generation of UV light. These particles react differently with the substrate, resulting in many various surface processes. With the exception of photons, the depth of the effected substrate is nearly 10 nm which proves that plasma only affects the outer layer of the substrate. Subsequently, plasma is considered as a vital technique for modifying the surface and not affecting the bulk properties of the substrate. Nevertheless, the contamination on the surface can be harmful to plasma process. Plasma processing can change hydrophobic nature of the surface to hydrophilic and vice versa depending on the gas/monomer type used in generating plasma and whether the chemicals have been converted/rounded or shifted on the surface of the textiles. Similarly, compatibility, adhesion, resistance to wear and tear, the rate and depth of dyeing, fiber cleaning surfaces, and desizing can be improved.
Finishing Processes and Recent Developments
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
Andrew D. Hewitt, Andrew J. Hebden
Plasma treatment in textiles is generally divided into two main categories – low-pressure plasma and atmospheric plasma (Bárdos and Baránková 2008). As the name suggests, in low-pressure plasma treatment, the gas pressure is reduced using vacuum. It is therefore a batch or semi-continuous process, as the reaction chamber must be closed to enable this reduction in pressure – typically in the range of 0.1–1 Pa. Atmospheric plasma was introduced more recently and has greater production flexibility as the pressure allows continuous treatment. The main atmospheric types include corona treatment, dielectric barrier discharge or glow discharge.
Textile Reinforcement Modification and Matrix Materialization
Published in Magdi El Messiry, Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering, 2017
Plasma is a “dry” technology and is intrinsically ecological and environment friendly. It can be used to modify the properties of the surfaces in a wide range of textiles fibers without change to the bulk properties. Low-temperature plasma treatment can be an alternative to traditional wet processes in textile. Compared with current standard finishing processes, plasmas have the fundamental advantage of reducing the usage of chemicals, water and energy [9, 13]. Moreover, fiber surfaces are etched consequently the changes in fiber diameter and surface roughness.
Using Bayesian regulated neural network (BRNN) to predict the effect of plasma treatment on the fading effect of cotton fabric
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Senbiao Liu, Yaohui Keane Liu, Chi-wai Kan
However, the interaction between plasma and fabric surfaces can be complicated by various factors such as plasma treatment parameters, the chemical composition of plasma gas, and fabric properties, which have hindered the widespread use of plasma treatment in the textile industry (Jelil, 2015; Zille et al., 2015). The study by Kan et al. (2016) identified air concentration, treatment time, and moisture content of the fabric as the key factors that impact the fading of cotton fabrics through plasma treatment. These factors exert a significant influence on the fading of cotton fabrics as they might impact the production and reaction of hydroxyl radicals, the primary agents of oxidation that cause fading (Kan et al., 2016). Increased air concentration leads to the production of more hydroxyl radicals due to the presence of more oxygen molecules. Longer treatment time increases the duration of contact between plasma active substance and dye in the fabric. Lower moisture content reduces the dilution of bleach by water. These factors contribute to greater oxidation and thus, more fading (Kan et al., 2016). Thus, plasma treatment demands meticulous control of treatment parameters to achieve desired fading effects. The challenge in its industrial application lies in determining the optimal treatment parameters swiftly and accurately, which necessitates multiple trials and observations.
UHMWPE textiles and composites
Published in Textile Progress, 2022
Ashraf Nawaz Khan, Mohit Gupta, Puneet Mahajan, Apurba Das, R. Alagirusamy
The surface adhesion of the UHMWPE fibre can be improved through plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure by making the surface rough and introducing polar groups. It is reported that compared to the chemical treatment, the plasma-treated sample shows more improvement in the adhesion to the epoxy due to the enhanced mechanical keying. Plasma treatment of the material is an important technique used in many areas such as electronics, aerospace, automotive textiles, and the biomedical industries because of its ability to induce surface modification such as etching, deposition, and polymerisation (Jiang et al., 2009). Oosterom, Ahmed, Poulis, and Bersee (2006) investigated the adhesion performance of the UHMWPE fibres after different surface modification techniques. The three-gas phase surface modification technique (as listed in Table 22) such as UV/ozone, corona discharge, and radio-frequency, glow-discharge plasma as well as abrasion was investigated. The corona and the glow discharge technique were found to be effective due to activation of the surface with an increase in 100% surface energy in less than a minute, whilst the UV/ozone technique required more than a minute of exposure time through which it could achieve comparable surface modification with the other two techniques. Also, abrasion led to an increase in the adhesion property. However, the combined use of the discussed techniques certainly results in the best improvements in the adhesion property together with improvement in the ultimate shear strength of the UHMWPE/PMMA system.
Optimization and surface modification of silk fabric using DBD air plasma for improving wicking properties
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
K. Vinisha Rani, Nisha Chandwani, Purvi Kikani, S. K. Nema, Arun Kumar Sarma, Bornali Sarma
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is a cold, non-equilibrium, atmospheric pressure plasma has been used in many industrial applications including the textiles department for surface modifications (Sarmadi, 2013). DBD plasma can be used in the textile material to alter the surface properties of the fabrics. Plasma treatment has advantages when compared to the conventional wet chemical process in terms of reduction of waste and contamination problems and time (Hegemann, 2006). The plasma treatment on silk fabrics is a dry clean and eco-friendly process (Iriyama et al., 2002). Plasma treatment on silk fabrics changes only the uppermost atomic surface layers of the fabric, while bulk properties are unaffected due to low range of penetrations (Sparavigna, 2008). Atmospheric pressure plasma is used for changing the surface functionalities like hydrophobic to hydrophilic (Samanta, Joshi, Jassal, & Agrawal, 2012). Introducing polar groups onto the fiber surface can increase the hydrophilicity (Morent et al., 2008). Plasma treatment modifies the physicochemical properties of the fabric surface (Inbakumar & Anukaliani, 2009).