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Single-Photon Metabolic Imaging
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Alteration of fatty acid oxidation is considered to be a sensitive marker of ischemia and myocardial damage. On the contrary, persistence of glucose utilization is considered as a suitable marker of myocardial viability in the dysfunctional myocardium. While, PET using fluorine-18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is considered as an accurate means for assessing myocardial viability, FDG-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using ultrahigh-energy collimators can provide similar information as FDG-PET with regard to viability assessment. The role of metabolic imaging for identifying postischemic insult as “ischemic memory imaging” has recently been focused. A number of reports from Japan showed relatively high diagnostic accuracy of iodinated fatty acid analog [123I-labeled beta-methyl iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP)] imaging for detecting coronary patients without prior myocardial infarction. In addition, the recent data indicates BMIPP imaging has a prognostic value when applied in documented or suspected coronary patients. Thus, single-photon metabolic imaging may play a new and important role for assessing myocardial viability, identifying prior ischemia, and assessing the severity in patients with coronary artery disease using a conventional gamma camera.
Microbial Fermentation of Waste Oils for Production of Added-Value Products
Published in Jitendra Kumar Saini, Surender Singh, Lata Nain, Sustainable Microbial Technologies for Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes, 2023
Naganandhini Srinivasan, Kiruthika Thangavelu, Sivakumar Uthandi
Bhatia et al. (2021) investigated the impact of several surfactants on Rhodococcus growth and lipid synthesis using WCO as a carbon source. It produced 3.42 g/L of biomass and 2.39 g/L of lipids, with 70% lipid accumulation from 1.15% input of WCO. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) contains 61.68% palmitoleic acid, > 21.48% palmitic acid, > 12.95% myristic acid, > 2.35% stearic acid, > 0.74% pentadecanoic acid, > 0.72% heptadecanoic acid, and > 2.35% oleic acid. The qualities of the biodiesel generated from WCO comply with EN14214 and IS15607 standards.
Optimization of novel Lepidium perfoliatum Linn. Biodiesel using zirconium-modified montmorillonite clay catalyst
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Saeed, Mushtaq Ahmad, Amir Waseem, Shazia Sultana, Muhammad Zafar, Gokul Raghavendra Srinivasan
The quantification analysis of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) determined thorough GC/MS. Five significant peaks are observed in LBD as confirmed form Library Match software (NO > NIST02). Mass spectrum of pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester at (retention time 10.91 min) with major fragmentations is shown in Figure 7a. The saturated fragmentations of fatty acid methyl ester are; methyl pentadecanoic acid 14-methyl-, methyl ester (C15:0), tetradecanoic acid methyl ester (C14:0); two mono-unsaturated 7-tertradecenoic acid methyl ester (C14:1). The characteristics peak observed at m/z = 97, 137, 180 are due to β-cleavage. Additionally, the unsaturated and saturated fatty acids methyl esters in the present spectra exhibit McLafferty rearrangement (m/z 74 and 55).
Lab-scale bioremediation technology: Ex-situ bio-removal and biodegradation of waste cooking oil by Aspergillus flavus USM-AR1
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2022
Nurshafiqah Jasme, Nur Asshifa Md Noh, Ahmad Ramli Mohd Yahya
Fatty acid components of the waste cooking oil were determined via GC-MS analysis. The waste cooking oil samples before and after treatment were subjected to GC-MS analysis and being compared. The fatty acids of the untreated waste cooking oil are presented in Figure 9(a). The GC-MS analyses of waste cooking oil revealed the existence of various fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid (oleic acid) and (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (linoleic acid). Moreover, the waste cooking oil sample also contained dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, hexacontane, methyl hexadec-9-enoate, 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-, heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid), 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, arachidonic acid, cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl-, 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methy, tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethyl), docosanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid. Figure 9(a) shows 4 major peaks which were identified as palmitic (hexadecenoic) (5), stearic (octadecanoic) (10), oleic (9-octadecenoic) (12) and linoleic (9,12-octadecadienoic) (16) acids, according to NIST database. The main fatty acids, namely palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, have been reported as the principal long chain fatty acids of fatty wastes (Alias et al. 2006; Papanikolaou and Aggelis 2010).