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Soil evolution and reclamation of technogenic landscapes in Siberia
Published in Vladimir Litvinenko, Advances in Raw Material Industries for Sustainable Development Goals, 2020
V.A. Androkhanov, D.A. Sokolov
To reveal specifics of soil evolution we examined soil cover by using macromorphometry description, widely used in pedology (Rozanov, 1983). Soil identification was performed using soil classification of technogenic landscapes, a methodology developed by the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemsitry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Gadzhiev, Kurachev, 1992) and then further improved by V.M.Kurachev and V.A.Androkhanov (2002). According to this classification, the identification of a corresponding diagnostic horizon allows to discriminate four types of embryozems on the surface of coal mining spoils. The so called initial embryozems do not have any diagnostic horizons that are morphologically well expressed. The OM-accumulating embryozems are distinguished by the presence of horizons where accumulation of non-specific organic matter (represented by plant material) occurs. Soddy and humus-accumulating embryozems are diagnosed by the presence of respective horizons. According to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (World Reference…, 2015), embryozems are classified as Technosols.
UFV’s geotechnical engineering experience: Curricula at the graduate and undergraduate geotechnical engineering courses
Published in Iacint Manoliu, Ion Antonescu, Nicoleta Rădulescu, Geotechnical Engineering Education and Training, 2020
D.C. de Lima, E.A.G. Marques, C.H.C. e Silva, P.S.A. Barbosa
The basic structure regarding course sequences of the graduate program aforementioned has twenty eight (28) regular courses in the geotechnical area and seventeen (17) courses in close related areas. In the first case, the courses comprise the traditional and advanced aspects of Geotechnical Engineering, especially those related to laboratory and in situ testing, and also those focused on geotechnical aspects of highways and paved roads. It also includes basic knowledge of Pedology, Soil Mineralogy and Chemistry, offered by UFV’s Soil Department. In the so called related areas, there is a set of complementary courses available, involving Forest Engineering (Environmental Impact Analysis), Agricultural Engineering (Water Flow in Soils), Statistics (Probability, Non Parametric Tests, Sampling, Applied Statistics and Statistical Modeling) and Soil Science (Soil Physics, Soil Classification, Soil Genesis and Morphology, and Land Use and Photopedology).
Surface Processes
Published in F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas, A Geology for Engineers, 2017
F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas
Except where bare rock is exposed, the surface on which rain falls consists of the soil which forms the upper part of the weathered layer. This ‘top-soil’ ranges in depth from only a few centimetres to a metre or more, according to the climate and type of rock from which it has been derived. In temperate climates, in general, it is a mixture of inorganic particles and vegetable humus and has a high porosity, i.e. a large proportion of interstices in a given volume: it has a high compressibility and a low strength and for these reasons is removed from a site prior to construction. The soil grades down into ‘sub-soil’, which is a mixture of soil with rock fragments, with decreasing organic content, and then into weathered rock and finally unweathered rock. The terms A-horizon (for soil), B-horizon (for sub-soil) and C-horizon (for the rock at depth), are used in pedology; in most places the materials have been derived from the underlying horizons during weathering. A vertical column showing this sequence is called a soil-profile (Fig. 3.1).
Analysis of the unsaturated behaviour of compacted lateritic fine-grained tropical soils for use in transport infrastructure
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2023
Mayssa Alves da Silva Sousa, Roberto Quental Coutinho, Laura Maria Goretti da Motta
In Pedology, most soils are in the class of Argisols (equivalent to Acrisol, following the international soil classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – FAO, 2015), which was already expected since this unit is predominant in the region. Soil 04 was mapped as an urban area region; however, considering the characteristics observed in the field, it is believed to be a yellow latosol (equivalent to Ferralsol – FAO, 2015). So, they are deeply weathered soils, whose sand fraction is predominantly quartz, and in the clay, the kaolinite is overlaid with iron oxides and/or aluminium (Coutinho & Sousa, 2021).
Different calibration procedures for flows estimation using SWAT model
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2020
Luana Lavagnoli Moreira, Dimaghi Schwamback, Daniel Rigo
According to Clark et al. (2017), hydrological modeling faces three major challenges: reasonable math description of hydrological processes, availability, quality of data input and high computational effort. Related to the second limitation, hydrologic modeling carries uncertainties related to the input data. Baroni et al. (2017) report that those uncertainties depend on spatial and temporal variability in the watershed, followed by a complex interaction of environmental conditions (climate, soil management, and pedology).
Effects of native vegetation recovery on soil loss
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2020
Dimaghi Schwamback, Luana Lavagnoli Moreira, Daniel Rigo
Even though soil loss is natural phenomena associated with geomorphological characteristics, such as pedology, relief and soil cover, its current potential rise and impacts occur as a result of anthropic practices (Fernández-Raga et al. 2017). Exponential population growth, deforestation, intense agriculture, monoculture practices, and pasture cultivation without adequate management are cited as the main anthropogenic causes of high soil loss in developing countries, such as Brazil (Gelagay and Minale 2016).