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Inherent FR Fibers
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Flame Retardants for Textile Materials, 2020
Nomex is best known as a barrier to fire and heat. Apart from race-car drivers, Nomex is worn by astronauts, fire-fighters, and military personnel. It is also widely used in more mundane ways, such as in household oven gloves. In sheet form, heatproof Nomex finds many uses in automobiles, including high-temperature hoses and insulation for spark plugs.
Selected Topics
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
Asbestos was the first material used as a flame-resistant material but because of its negative health effects, it has been replaced by other materials. Today, the most widely used flame-resistant textile is Nomex™ (19.46). It is inherently flame resistant, not requiring an additional application or the need to worry that the coating may be removed through cleaning. Nomex is an aramid or aromatic nylon material. Along with being flame resistant, it is very strong and so is also used in tire cord. Because of its stiffness and high cost, it is seldom used as a general textile material. Here, we will focus on fiber-intensive uses of such aromatic nylons.
Life Support Equipment
Published in David G. Newman, Flying Fast Jets, 2014
The key aspect of the military flight suit is that it is generally constructed out of a flame-resistant material. Usually this is a product known as Nomex (a trademark of the DuPont Corporation), which is an aramid polymer fibre with impressive flame-resistant properties. It can withstand temperatures in excess of 1,000°C, without melting, and the thermal resistance properties do not deteriorate with frequent laundering. Such materials provide reliable thermal protection in a comfortable flight suit, and as a result almost all fast jet pilots around the world today will be using a Nomex-based flight suit.
Development of thermal liner for extreme heat protective clothing using aerogel technology
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Rochak Rathour, Apurba Das, Ramasamy Alagirusamy
Nomex® contains a unique combination of very high thermal stability and strength. It does not burn, ignite, drip or melt and does not easily lose its properties when exposed to high temperatures for a certain period of time. The aramid fibre is itself flame retardant due to the aromatic rings attached to the structure. Its excellent chemical resistance can be estimated by the fact that it does not get affected by acid or alkali under normal conditions. Additionally, fibre contains properties like sunlight and mildew resistance and is resistant to ageing. At high flame exposures and in extreme heat conditions the fibre swells and leads to a black char formation that acts as a protective barrier to the wearer against the external heat and hence provides some extra vital seconds of protection (Song et al., 2011b).
High-performance hybrid composites made of recycled Nomex, Kevlar, and polyester selvages: mechanical property evaluations
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Yu-Chun Chuang, Limin Bao, Ching-Wen Lou, Jia-Horng Lin
Recycled Nomex staple fibers are obtained from Nomex selvages (DuPont, US) that are purchased from Formosa Taffeta, Taiwan. Nomex is a kind of flame-resistant meta-aramid material, and it is high-temperature resistant fiber that does not melt and does not support combustion in the air. Recycled Kevlar staple fibers are obtained from Kevlar woven selvages (K129 and K29, DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA) that are purchased from Formosa Taffeta, Taiwan. It is lightweight, high performance and high toughness, mainly used in bulletproof products, ropes and protective clothing (such as cut resistant gloves). Recycled polyester (PET) staple fibers are obtained from high performance PET woven selvages that are purchased from Chien Chen Textile, Taiwan. Low-melting-point polyester (LPET) fibers (Far Eastern New Century, Taiwan) have a fineness of 4D and a length of 51 mm. LPET fibers are composed of a PET skin of a melting point of 110 °C and a regular PET core of a melting point of 265°. It has good wrinkle resistance and shape retention, and has high strength and elastic recovery.
Thermal analysis and pyrolysis modeling of NOMEX IIIA fabric
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2018
NOMEX® is a series of aromatic polyamide (aramide) fibers developed by DuPont (2001). Unlike flame-retardant-treated materials, NOMEX fiber is inherently flame resistant. It has been widely used in military, fire safety, and heat shield applications, among others. NOMEX IIIA fabric (Type 462 staple) is a blend of 93% NOMEX, 5% KEVLAR, and 2% P-140 (a carbon based antistatic material) (DuPont, 2001). While KEVLAR has a similar chemical structure as NOMEX, it has higher chain rigidity (Shang, 2016). Thus, NOMEX IIIA has higher structure strength and is often used in firefighter uniforms and fire protection engineering. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the burning behavior of NOMEX fabric and its blends (Villar-Rodil et al., 2001a; Sellers and Carr, 2007; Villar-Rodil et al., 2002; Villar-Rodil et al., 2001b; Carroccio et al., 1999; Kotresh et al., 2006; Kleinhenz and T’ien, 2007). As a first step, we studied the pyrolysis process, as this dictates how a material responds to a fire stimulus. Objectives of this work are to (1) provide reliable thermal analysis data of the decomposition processes of NOMEX IIIA and (2) propose semi-global pyrolysis models that can be used in fire modeling of NOMEX IIIA.