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Impacts of Nanotechnology on Pharmaceutical Sciences
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Smart Nanotechnology with Applications, 2020
There are lots of diseases that are associated with proteins, DNA and RNA, respectively. The diagnosis and treatment of such diseases is always a tough task with conventional technologies. In recent times, researchers have gained sufficient knowledge about designing and development of nano-scale material. Fusion of this knowledge with complete understanding of cell function and disease progression at molecular level leads to nano-medicine emergence. Other applications of nanomaterials are for effective targeting of cancerous tissues, efficient drug carriers like nanosponges and liposomes and as imaging agents for diagnostic purposes [9]. Nanomaterials are versatile and unique in nature, as their scale relates with the biomolecule scale. Hence, nanotechnology has great potential for pharmaceutical and medical applications [10].
Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosystems: Current Status and Future Prospects
Published in Costas Demetzos, Stergios Pispas, Natassa Pippa, Drug Delivery Nanosystems, 2019
Cem Varan, Gamze Varan, Nazli Erdoğar, Erem Bilensoy
Nanosponges, which are the colloidal structures of hyper-cross-linked polymers, have been especially developed in recent years, and interest in these structures is increasing. Nanosponges have several advantages, especially increasing the solubility of drugs with low solubility, having higher encapsulation efficacy, and prolonging drug release. In addition, nanosponges can be designed in different dosage forms, such as oral, parenteral, topical, and inhalation. Methods such as simple thermal desorption, extraction with solvents, microwave use, and ultrasonic techniques can be used to prepare CD nanosponges. CD nanosponges are prepared to eliminate problems of drugs such as solubility, permeability, and sensitivity; ensure effective and safe dosage forms, enhance drug-loading capacity; and prolong drug release [52].
Nano Resveratrol: A Promising Future Nanonutraceutical
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Chahinez Houacine, Kamalinder K. Singh
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges present a modern approach for highlighting the progression, which could be brought about by nanotechnology-based delivery systems (Chilajwar et al., 2014). Nanosponges (Figure 10.4c) are the sponges with size of about a virus, which can be occupied with a wide variety of drugs. These minute sponges tend to circulate within the body until they meet the specific target site(s) to release the drug in a controlled and predictable manner. As they can cater to the site-directed drug delivery, they possess vibrant opportunities in drug delivery. Because of their high aqueous solubility, nanosponges have been found effective for bioactives with poor solubility (Subramanian et al., 2012). Nanosponges offer high loading efficiency vis-à-vis other nanocarriers. Controlled release of the loaded bioactives and solubility enhancement of poor water-soluble substances are the major advantages of nanosponge delivery systems.
Hierarchy analysis of different cross-linkers used for the preparation of cross-linked cyclodextrin as drug nanocarriers
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2018
R. Pushpalatha, S. Selvamuthukumar, D. Kilimozhi
Nanotechnology is gaining importance in the development and delivery of various drugs and proteins. Using appropriate carrier can enhance the stability and solubility of drugs, provide sustained/controlled and targeted drug delivery, and improve therapeutic efficacy. Cyclodextrin nanosponge is one such drug carrier in which cyclodextrins are converted into highly porous structures by cross-linking with diisocyanate, carbonates, dianhydrides, and carbonyl diimidazoles. The cross-linkers interconnect the cyclodextrin molecules forming nanochannels and thus creating a nanoporous structure. These nanosponges of cyclodextrins can encapsulate drugs by formation of inclusion and noninclusion complexes with drug molecules. These hyper cross-linked cyclodextrins being biocompatible have a major advantage in pharmaceutical field as drug carriers (Trotta, 2011). They are used as carriers to improve the drug solubility, prevent the drug degradation, and to sustain and control the release rate of drugs. They also help deliver protein and gas (Trotta et al., 2012). Various studies on cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin nanosponges are available to understand their applications as drug delivery, especially for anticancer therapy (Trotta et al., 2012; Nikolic et al., 2013; Tejashri et al., 2013; Gidwani and Vyas, 2015; Swaminathan et al., 2016).