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Additive Manufacturing of Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Published in Atul Babbar, Ankit Sharma, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta, Additive Manufacturing Processes in Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Nanocomposites are materials that are created by introducing nano-particulates (often referred to as nano-reinforcements) into a macroscopic sample material (often referred to as the matrix). Various nanoparticles as reinforcing materials opened up opportunities to enhance properties, such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical properties and so on, for the 3D-printed parts [6]. Some of the nano-reinforcing materials can be used in 3D printing are carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoclays, SiC, nano-cellulose and others. [8]. Homogeneous dispersion, the distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix and their strong interfacial interaction are key factors for the uniform properties of composite materials. The advantages of using nano-reinforcing materials for biomedical applications include enhancing biocompatibility, improving physical or chemical characteristics of the scaffold and enhancing tissue growth around the implant.
Polymer 3D Bioprinting for Bionics and Tissue Engineering Applications
Published in Atul Babbar, Ranvijay Kumar, Vikas Dhawan, Nishant Ranjan, Ankit Sharma, Additive Manufacturing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering, 2023
Vidyapati Kumar, Atul Babbar, Ankit Sharma, Ranvijay Kumar, Ankit Tyagi
Nanocomposites are materials formed by incorporating nanoparticles (also known as nanoreinforcements) into a macroscopic sample material (often referred to as the matrix). Using nanoparticles as reinforcing materials has allowed for the enhancement of attributes such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties for 3D-bioprinted components (Nath & Nilufar, 2020). Carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoclay, SiC, nanocellulose, and other nanoreinforcing materials may all be employed in 3D bioprinting (Wu et al., 2020). Table 2.2 highlights some polymers that may be printed using various bioprinting processes and are extensively used in biomedical applications due to their biomimetic functionality. The homogeneous dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix and their strong interfacial contact are critical for the uniform characteristics of composite materials. The benefits of utilizing nanoreinforcing materials in biomedical applications include increased biocompatibility, improved physical or chemical properties of the scaffold, and increased tissue development surrounding the implant (Babbar, Prakash, Singh, et al., 2020b; Babbar, Sharma, Bansal, et al., 2019a).
Nanocomposites Based on Nanoparticles from Agricultural Wastes
Published in Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites from Agricultural Waste, 2023
Henry Ekene Mgbemere, Eugenia Obiageli Obidiegwu, Johnson Olumuyiwa Agunsoye, Suleiman Bolaji Hassan
Structurally, nanocomposites consist of a material that contains the matrix as well as the nanosized reinforcements in the form of particles, fibres, whiskers, etc. Understanding the relationship between the structure of a material and its properties as it relates to polymer nanocomposites depends on the surface area to volume ratio of the nano-reinforcements. The size at the nanoscale and the surface-area-to-volume ratio is typically about three times greater when nano-reinforcements are used compared to micro-reinforcements. The surface chemistry of the reinforcement therefore to a great extent determines the properties of the polymer nanocomposite [15].
Preparation of a carbon-based nanomaterial and its influence on construction engineering
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2023
Researchers add nanomaterials to cement to enhance its mechanical properties. Carbon nanotube materials are widely used in the research of building materials because of their high elastic modulus and high tensile strength. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered a potential nanomaterial for a variety of applications due to their attractive physicochemical qualities, which include large surface area, exceptional mechanical and thermal strength, electrochemical activity, and so on. Carbon nanotubes, graphene-based materials, nanosilica, and nano-TiO2 are the most frequently employed nanomaterials in cementitious composites. The quantity and dispersion condition of the nanoparticles are the primary determinants of the performance of the nanocomposites. However, due to its large specific surface area and lack of active functional groups, it is not easy to dissolve and disperse in aqueous solutions such as cement slurry. However, in the alkaline environment of cement slurry, carbon nanotubes are more difficult to disperse and agglomerate easily, which affects the enhancement effect of cement grouting materials and even reduces the original strength. Its mechanical properties cannot be fully guaranteed, and it is necessary to carry out further research on improving the dispersion stability of carbon nanotubes.
Effect of the concentration of the starting reagents and the design of the reaction chamber on the morphology and phase composition of the CuxOy@SiO2 nanocomposite synthesized by the pulsed plasma-chemical method
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Galina Kholodnaya, Denis Ponomarev, Roman Sazonov, Olga Lapteva, Mikhail Zhuravlev, Igor Pyatkov
Production of new nanomaterials, as well as improving the characteristics of existing nanomaterials of complex composition is the most important task of materials science today.[1–3] The search for optimal ways to synthesize composite nanomaterials remains topical. Such research is currently being carried out in all industrialized countries. The main object of research in these countries is a whole complex of structural and functional nanomaterials, which is nanomaterials of electronic engineering, biotechnology and medicine, etc. To compete in the production of nanomaterials and to achieve a significant socio-economic effect, it is necessary to replace the existing energy- and material-intensive thermochemical “non-environmentally friendly” methods for the synthesis of both simple oxide nanomaterials and complex composite materials required in catalysis, photocatalysis, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and environmental protection and replacement with a new, more efficient method. The nomenclature of nanocomposites is represented by a huge number of materials that can be classified according to the following types, regardless of the content of nanoparticles in their composition: polymer-matrix, metal-matrix, glass-matrix, ceramic, and hybrid nanocomposites and composite nanomaterials, as well as thick-film coatings, thin-film coatings and membranes and other types of nanocomposites.[4–8]
Wave dispersion characteristics of thermally excited graphene oxide powder-reinforced nanocomposite plates
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Farzad Ebrahimi, Mostafa Nouraei, Ali Seyfi
Nanocomposites are materials that incorporate nanosized particles into a matrix of standard material. The result of the addition of nanoparticles is a drastic improvement in properties that can include mechanical strength, toughness and electrical or thermal conductivity [1]. Such mechanical property improvements have resulted in major interest in nanocomposite materials in numerous automotive and general or industrial applications like thin-film capacitors for computer chips, impellers and blades, solid polymer electrolytes for batteries and automotive engine parts and fuel tanks. Polymer nanocomposites consist of a polymer having nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix. The similar length scales of the polymer chains and filler particles in polymer nanocomposites cause a synergy between the components of these materials [2]. Depending on the type of nanoparticles added, the mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties of the polymer nanocomposites can be altered. Hence, the Nano-scale reinforcing materials are very important. Most of the time, the reinforcing nanofillers added to the conventional polymer nanocomposites are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and graphene platelets (GPLs).