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Refuse derived fuel char as a low-cost adsorbent for the cationic dye methylene blue
Published in Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Margarida Gonçalves, Ana Luísa Fernando, Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III, 2019
C. Nobre, M. Gonçalves, C. Vilarinho
Moisture, volatile matter and ash contents were determined gravimetrically according to the procedures described in ASTM 949-88, 897-88 and 830-87, respectively. Fixed carbon (FC) was determined by difference, on a dry basis (db). Ultimate analysis (CHNS) was performed using an elemental analyzer (Thermo Finnigan – CE Instruments Model Flash EA 112 CHNS series). Oxygen content was obtained by difference, on a dry ash free basis (daf). Point of zero charge pH (pHpzc) was determined through pH drift tests as described by (Faria et al., 2004). Porosity assessment was done by nitrogen gas porosimetry (Micromeritics ASAP 2010).
Comparative analysis of bricks manufactured in the New World (1494–1544)
Published in João Mascarenhas-Mateus, Ana Paula Pires, Manuel Marques Caiado, Ivo Veiga, History of Construction Cultures, 2021
E. Prieto-Vicioso, V. Flores-Sasso
This analysis was conducted using a Porosimetry Micromeritics, model 9320, to determine the percentage of porosity of the samples, the sizes of pores between 0.006 and 360μm, the distribution, shape, and tortuosity on pores. The results were confirmed by further testing with a Quantachrome Poremaster.
Shape-controlled hollow Cu2O@CuS nanocubes with enhanced photocatalytic activities towards degradation of tetracycline
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Zhenliang Li, Xuerui Liu, Shuye Li, Enke Feng, Zhiqiang Wu, Zhiming Yang, Xinxian Ma, Xinning Han
X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis of the photocatalysts was characterized by Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer using CuKa (Ʒ = 1.54 Å) radiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements determined by Thermo ESCALAB 250XI spectrometer were equipped with a pass energy of 30 eV, a power of 100 W, a monochromatized Al Ka and X-ray (hv ¼ 1486.6 eV) source. The morphologies and sizes were measured by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (Carl Zeiss Ultra 55, Germany) operating at an acceleration voltage of 25 kV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100, JEOL, Japan) was taken at 200 kV for the microstructures of the samples. Micromeritics TriStar II 3020 was used to test the surface area. The UV–Vis diffuse reflection was studied in a range of 200–800 nm by a Lambd1050. The electrochemical measurements were recorded on an electrochemical workstation (CHI 660E). The perkin NBeT Xenon lamp (HSX-F300) was applied to evaluate the photodegradation.
Anti bacterial effect of activated carbons prepared from some biomasses available in North East India
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Joydeep Das, Chandrani Debnath, Harjeet Nath, Rishabh Saxena
The Micromeritics (Model: Tristar II) surface area analyzer was used for surface area analysis of the nine carbon samples. The surface area was determined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at −196°C. The samples were degassed at 200°C in vacuum for 3 hours prior to the experiment. The surface area of different ACs is given in the Table 3. The highest surface area of 1998.03 m2/gm was observed for the ramie fiber (RM700) which was carbonized at 700°C and lowest for rubber wood sawdust carbonized at 500ºC (RB500). Increased surface area can thus provide sufficient space to the E.coli to get in contact with the AC samples. The surface area produced during the carbonization process was found not to follow any particular trend. This may happen due to two reasons firstly, the different percentage composition of lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses in the biomass samples and secondly, after a certain temperature BET surface area decreases because of restructuring in AC or ash melting of the ACs at high temperature (Ronsse et al. 2013). RB500 possess minimum surface area because rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) has a maximum percentage of lignin among all the samples and RM700 possess maximum surface area as ramie fiber (Boehmeria nivea) contains a minimum percentage of lignin, which is the most thermal stable composition of biomasses. For areca husk samples the BET surface area was found to have decreased which may mostly be due to the restructuring or ash melting phenomenon at temperatures more than 500°C.
Enhanced brilliant blue FCF adsorption using microwave-hydrothermal synthesized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Yan Wang, Yiming Li, Yong Zhang, Wei Wei
BET surface area was measured using N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis at 77 K on a Micromeritics ASAP 2010 surface area/pore size analyzer (Micromeritics, USA). The crystalline phase of the synthesized HAP was determined by a Rigaku D/max-IIIB X-ray powder diffractometer. In order to identify the HAP molecule through its functional groups and to determine its purity, FTIR spectra were obatined using a Nicolet iS5 spectrometer (Thermofisher, USA) with with KBr discs (400-4000 cm−1). Morphological and microstructural analyses of HAP were carried out on a Hitachi MS-3000N scanning electron microscope. The point of zero charge (pHPZC) of HAP was determined by a batch equilibrium technique according to the previous literature.[22] For this, 0.1 g of adsorbent was treated with 40 mL 0.1 M KNO3 solution which was used as an inert electrolyte. The initial pH values (pHinitial) were adjusted in the range 3.0 to 11.0 by adding minimum amounts of 0.1 M KOH or 0.1 M HNO3 solutions. The suspensions were allowed to equilibrate for 24 h in a rotary shaker fixed at 180 rpm at room temperature. After completion of the equilibration time, the admixtures were filtered and final pH values (pHfinal) of the filtrates were measured again. The pHPZC values were obtained from the plateau parts of the pHfinal versus pHinitial plots.