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Soil Chemical Properties
Published in L.B. (Bert) McCarty, Golf Turf Management, 2018
Rates. Rates of lime required to neutralize excessive acidity vary with the degree of soil weathering and soil texture (Table 3.11). Lime rate requirements depend on (1) the change of soil pH desired, (2) the buffering capacity of the soil, and (3) the chemical composition and fineness of the liming material to be used. High CEC soils, such as clay or muck soils, may require up to double the amount needed for soils of low CEC, such as sands. Sandy soils, however, often require more frequent applications than clay soils as the liming agents are more easily leached from the soil.
Pond Bottom Soils
Published in Hillary S. Egna, Claude E. Boyd, Dynamics of POND Aquaculture, 2017
Claude E. Boyd, James R. Bowman
Pond liming is commonly practiced in areas with acid soils and soft waters but is not necessary in areas where water supplies or soils have high concentrations of carbonates (“hard” waters and “alkaline” soils). The immediate goal of liming is to neutralize soil acidity, that is, to decrease base unsaturation to nearly 0% and increase soil pH to the near neutral range. Benefits that may result from applications of lime to the soil include increases in the availability of nutrients from the soil (Truog, 1948), increased benthic production (Bowling, 1962), and increased microbial activity in the muds (Pamatmat, 1960).
Biochar effects on crop yield
Published in Johannes Lehmann, Stephen Joseph, Biochar for Environmental Management, 2015
Simon Jeffery, Diego Abalos, Kurt A. Spokas, Frank G. A. Verheijen
Most biochars have a neutral to basic pH (Chapter 7) and many field experiments show an increase in soil pH after biochar application when the initial pH was low. As a consequence, it has been suggested that one of the main mechanisms behind the reported positive effects of biochar application to soils on plant productivity may be a liming effect (Jeffery et al, 2011). Benefits of a liming effect include the optimization of nutrient availability and utilization (mainly P which is highly pH-dependent, but also N, Ca, Mg and Mo), the reduction of available levels of some elements toxic to plant growth such as Al3+ and Mn2+, the enhancement of N2 fixation in legumes, and improvement in the microbial-aided process of organic matter breakdown. Most of the studies included in the meta-analysis (74 per cent) were carried out in the tropics and subtropics, which account for 60 per cent of the acidic soils in the world. The high consistency of our results indicates that biochar application to these soils is very likely to increase crop productivity due to a liming effect.
Dietary cadmium exposure, risks to human health and mitigation strategies
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Di Zhao, Peng Wang, Fang-Jie Zhao
Liming has been the most common practice to mitigate soil acidification and to reduce soil Cd availability and its uptakes by crops. A two-year field trial conducted in southern China found single applications of limestone at 5.25 ton/ha alone increased soil pH by 0.89-1.15 unit and decreased grain Cd concentrations by 45-62% (Fang et al., 2021). A recent meta-analysis of 35 field studies found lime application reduced grain Cd concentration by 48% and increased rice yield by 12.9% on average, confirming that liming is effective in reducing Cd availability in acid soils and Cd uptake by rice (Liao et al., 2021). While liming has been proposed as an effective practice to reduce Cd availability in acid soil, the effect may vary due to factors such as initial soil pH, soil characteristics and plant species (Chaney et al., 2009; Li et al., 1996).
Amendment additions and their potential effect on soil geotechnical properties: A perspective review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Fuming Liu, Shuping Yi, Wan-Huan Zhou, Yong-Zhan Chen, Ming Hung Wong
Many studies have confirmed that liming treatment can enhance soil structure and hydraulic conductivity (Elkady, Shaker, & Al-Shamrani, 2016), increase earthworm activity (Hirth, Li, Chan, & Cullis, 2009), regulate natural organic contents (Wang, Tang, Baldock, Butterly, & Gazey, 2016), and increase vegetation cover and soil respiration (Bennett, Greene, Murphy, Hocking, & Tongway, 2014). Nevertheless, field application has indicated that it is ineffective in stabilizing heavy metals in the deep soil profile, and the sustainable stabilization activity of liming materials is poor (Cui, Zhou, Du, & Si, 2010). In other words, perennial maintenance of surface liming is needed to keep the stabilized heavy metals from being leached. Additionally, for a better efficacy in the stabilization of heavy metals in acidic soils, the dose of liming materials is generally higher than that used for soil conditioning. The overload of liming materials may result in a negative impact on soil quality and conditions for revegetation by causing a nutritional imbalance and soil hardening (Cui et al., 2016).
Recycling of ferrous slag in agriculture: Potentials and challenges
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Suvendu Das, Snowie Jane Galgo, Muhammad Ashraful Alam, Jeong Gu Lee, Hyun Young Hwang, Chang Hoon Lee, Pil Joo Kim
Soil acidification is one of the most yield-limiting factors in crop productivity (Castro & Crusciol, 2013). Liming has been practiced for centuries to ameliorate soil acidification and to maintain the crop yield. The most commonly used liming materials in agriculture are limestone (CaCO3) and dolomitic limestone (CaMg(CO3)2) (Castro & Crusciol, 2013). However, due to the high cost and high required rates for liming, the use of these liming materials in agriculture may not be economically feasible. The ferrous slag as a liming agent could be economical substitutes (Chand et al., 2015). The crystalline phases such as CaSiO3, MgSiO3 CaO, CaCO3, MgO, etc., which are the constituents of ferrous slag, act as a potential liming agent (Piatak et al., 2015). Over the last few decades, the utilization of ferrous slag as a liming material to increase soil pH and to improve soil quality and productivity, in particular in acidic soils, have been intensified and consolidated (Branca et al., 2020). In addition to the decrease in acidity levels in soil, slag and/or slag-based fertilizer adds Ca, Si, Mg, and Fe to soils and increases their plant uptake efficiency, which in turn improves growth and yield of crops such as rice, wheat, corn, sugarcane, soybeans, alfalfa, coffee, and also pastures (Deus et al., 2018; Table 2). In a recent research mega-project (SLAGFERTILISER), the effects of iron and steel slag fertilizers as liming materials on crop (wheat, maize, barley, rape, potato, pea, oat, tomato, triticale, and pasture) yields and quality as well as on selected biological and chemical soil parameters have been evaluated under different climatic and soil conditions (Germany, Austria, Finland and Italy). The project revealed that slag fertilizers have an added benefit of not only having high amounts of Ca and Mg which have higher solubility than magnesium carbonate in natural limestone and dolomite, but also contains Cu, Zn, B and Co which are needed for good plant growth and animal health (Algermissen et al., 2015). Moreover, recently BOF slag has been successfully applied to reduce the exchangeable sodium content of saline sodic soil (Pistocchi et al., 2017). The observed effects due to the BOF slag application have been attributed to Ca released by the dissolution of the slag that replaces exchangeable Na and Mg. The slag application promotes overall soil structure development and allows sufficient infiltration and percolation of water into and through the soil profile (Pistocchi et al., 2017). Meanwhile, the economic viability of slag as a potential fertilizer has been evaluated in order to produce an amendment material to be sold in the fertilizer market (Branca et al., 2019).