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Comparison of test methods for soil
Published in Yanrong Li, Handbook of Geotechnical Testing, 2019
The purpose of the soil test is to obtain the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the soil sample. The experimentally obtained indexes can be used for theoretical analysis of soil mechanics and practical application of engineering. Chemical measurements of soil include determination of pH, soluble salts and organic content. Since ASTM does not include soil chemistry testing, this chapter only compares and analyzes the differences between GB and BS. In general, BS uses a more convenient method than GB in most chemical tests. Physical measurements of soil include determination of water content, density, specific gravity, particle size distribution, relative density, and California Bearing Ratio. The procedures for these tests are easier to follow in ASTM and BS than in GB. Mechanical measurements of soil include permeability, compaction characteristics, determination of consolidation properties, swelling ratio and pressure, simple and reversal direct shear, and unconfined and triaxial compression tests. For these tests, requirements from GB are strict while those in ASTM and BS are relatively flexible.
Introduction to geotechnical engineering
Published in Hsai-Yang Fang, John L. Daniels, Introductory Geotechnical Engineering, 2017
Hsai-Yang Fang, John L. Daniels
Most construction materials such as steel and concrete used in civil engineering are well known and well-defined. Thus, except on the research level, any experimentation is generally done for confirmatory or quality control purposes. Soil, however, is a different story. In the first place, the fundamental controlling relations regarding soil behavior under normal conditions are uncertain. The second and equally important difference is that the soil constituency is variable and, except in a few cases, cannot be controlled. For these reasons, the role of experimentation takes on major importance, as it is the only manner of determining soil behavior. These tests are not confirmatory in nature, but are used to determine the actual or postulated soil reaction to environmental conditions for a given condition. Thus, the first and primary importance of a soil test is to solve a particular problem using a particular soil under its own special environmental conditions. While there are standards for field and laboratory testing, it should be noted that each test must be investigated and designed with special regard for the situations indigenous and peculiar to each problem. It is for these reasons that the geotechnical properties of soils are as important as the way they were measured. A soil testing program covers sampling, laboratory testing, field measurements, data collection, and presentation. Figure 1.6 lists various tests for obtaining a variety of soil properties and potential applications. However, in this primary textbook, emphasis is given to the basic principles.
Plant Nutrition and Turf Fertilizers
Published in L.B. (Bert) McCarty, Golf Turf Management, 2018
A variety of analytical tools are available to assist turfgrass managers in developing an effective, efficient, and environmentally responsible nutrient management program for every area of the golf course. Test results indicate what is available to plants via a soil test and what is actually in plants by a leaf tissue test. The needs for conducting either of these tests vary depending upon management intensity, quality expectations, environmental conditions, turfgrass species, and geographic location. Soil testing measures an index of the amount of plant nutrient of available nutrient in the soil, and this is then correlated with the probability of a fertilizer response through soil test calibration.
Stability analysis of the reservoir bank landslide with weak interlayer considering the influence of multiple factors
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Wengang Zhang, Xuanyu Meng, Luqi Wang, Fansheng Meng
Landslide is one of the most frequent geological disasters, causing huge losses to human life and property safety (Jiang et al. 2018; Huang et al. 2020a; Zhuang et al. 2022; Zhou et al. 2022). As for the large-scale landslide, the bedding landslide (a type of landslide sliding along an existing structural surface) with a weak interlayer is common worldwide (Wen and Aydin 2005; Zhang et al. 2021). Generally, the weak interlayer is an important boundary condition in the stability analysis of rocky landslides (Barton 1986). Xu et al. (2013) analyzed the stability of the artificial slope in Jiuding Mountain by field shear test, laboratory soil test and limit equilibrium method. It can be found that the mechanical characteristics of weak interlayers are key factors affecting overall stability. After the disturbance of external factors (e.g. reservoir water, rainfall and earthquake), the deflection and sliding of the slope would be accelerated (Tan et al., 2022; Wang et al. 2021a).
Phytoremediation of waste dumping site soil and landfill leachate by using cattail (Typha latifolia)
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Qian Xu, Sylvie Renault, Doug Goltz, Qiuyan Yuan
A hydroponic system using cattail was built and diluted landfill leachate was used as a nutrient source. Three-month-old seedlings were used for the hydroponic test in the floating raft system (40.6*27.3*17.8 cm), and the landfill leachate was diluted with tap water to a known volume. Rock wool cubes were pre-treated with acid solution overnight. The acid solution was prepared with 0.1 N phosphoric acid by diluting with distilled water to pH 6.4. The rock wool cubes were then rinsed with distilled water. Six seedlings were transplanted into each container and held by the rock wool cubes. Next, 1.5 gallons of the solution was replenished weekly and pH was checked daily and adjusted to approximately 6.4. Aeration was circulated from the bottom by using an aquarium air pump (Airpod, Penn Plax, NY, U.S.A.). The landfill leachate was gradually increased from 10% to 30% by volume and the nitrogen and phosphorous removal rate were examined every week. After harvest, all the plants from soil test and hydroponic test were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorous, sodium and chloride accumulation in the biomass.
Smart agriculture: a literature review
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2023
It suggests the right amount of fertilizers to preserve soil quality and crop yield. However, knowing the exact fertilizer needs a complete analysis of the different factors involved. These parameters include data related to research soil chemicals, crop nutrient uptake rates, water quality, biological and physical properties, environment, soil type, soil test methods, fertilizer characteristics and interactions, irrigation techniques, and much more. Smart farming fertilization helps to correctly measure the required nutrient dose, effectively reducing its negative environmental effects (Ayaz et al., 2019).