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Aromatic Medicine
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Sakshi Bajaj, Himangini Bansal
Essential oils can be ingested through the skin by scouring or topical application. This advances an all-encompassing recuperating of the entire body by going through the bloodstream and influencing various organs of the body. A portion of these oils are likewise potent antiviral, antifungal, and antiseptic in nature. The utilization of grape seed, jojoba, or almond oil in unadulterated vegetable oil during massage has been appeared to have amazing effects. This is additionally called as recuperating touch of massage therapy (Soden et al., 2004).
Vegetable Oils as Additive in the Formulation of Eco-Friendly Lubricant
Published in Brajendra K. Sharma, Girma Biresaw, Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants, 2016
Gobinda Karmakar, Pranab Ghosh
The application of vegetable oils or their derivatives as additive is increasing very recently because of their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and enhanced multifunctional performances in mineral or vegetable base fluids. Vegetable oils are used as antifrictional additive in mineral oils as well as biobased lube oils. Erickson et al. [33] have exposed the application of meadowfoam oil or their derivatives (phosphate or sulfurized) as antiwear additive in paraffinic mineral base oil. The antiwear test results of the synthesized additives are mentioned in Table 15.2. A significant reduction in wear scar diameter (WSD) was observed because of the addition of a mixture of meadowfoam oil and their derivatives in base fluids. Palm oil or its chemically modified adducts also showed significant additive performances in mineral oils as well as biobased base oils. Maleque et al. [34] have mentioned the application of palm oil methyl esters (POMEs) as antiwear additive in mineral base fluids. They reported that four-ball test results for antiwear performance of mineral base oil blended with different percentages of the POME, viz., 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10, showed improvement of performance and 5% additive concentration performed the best. Ossia et al. [35] have shown that eicosanoic and octadecanoic acids, the very long-chain fatty acids in castor and jojoba oil, are used as lubricity additives in biodegradable castor oil and jojoba oil as well as in mineral oil base stocks. Bisht et al. [36] compared the performances of mineral oil base stocks by blending different concentrations of jojoba oil with percentages 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 and additives such as tricresyl phosphate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. It has been found that the use of jojoba oil in lubricant formulation enhances certain desirable properties of the blend such as VI, antirust, antifoam, antiwear, and friction reduction properties. This is due to the straight, high-polarity, and longer-chain molecules of jojoba oil (Figure 15.6), which was strongly adsorbed by the metal surfaces.
Potential and comparative studies of six non-edible seed oil feedstock’s for biodiesel production
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Inam Ullah Khan, Hongming Long, Yaowei Yu
The plant’s native habitats are the Sonoran and Mojave deserts of California, Arizona, and Mexico. The jojoba tree is a member of the Simmondsiaceae family. Jojoba has been grown for its oil, a liquid wax ester that is extracted from the seed, on a commercial scale. In some areas of Pakistan, the plant has been utilized to stop and prevent desertification. The crown of the jojoba tree is broad and dense, and it can reach heights of 1–2 meters. The thick, waxy, glossy, oval-shaped, grayish-green leaves are 2–4 cm long and 1.5–3 cm wide (Selim, Radwan, and Elfeky 2003). Oil makes up between 38–51 weights percent of the seed (Al-Widyan and Al-Muhtaseb 2010). Photos of the Jojoba plant and seeds are shown in Figure 1(a,d).
Effects of emulsifying agents on the safety of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018
Ga-Young Seo, Ji Hyun Lee, Jin Hyeok Kim, Jung Been Shim, Hyun Joon Hong, Eunsung Kim, Oh Wook Kwon, Jongsung Lee, Youn-Jung Kim
The investigation of the effects of TiO2 and ZnO NPs on HaCaT cells showed that the toxicity of TiO2 NPs was relatively low when compared to that of ZnO NPs.[252627] As shown in the TEM image, ZnO NPs are not well-dispersed and exist as agglomerates in DW. This suggests that some of the ZnO NPs could have become ionized, and these ionized zinc particles would have contributed to the state of agglomeration.[28,29] When formulating sunscreens, other additives, such as surfactants, emulsifiers, preservatives, skin conditioners, and perfumes, are also added along with TiO2 and ZnO NPs. Cyclopentasiloxane, a silicon-based material, is one of the most commonly used emulsifiers in sunscreen formulations.[30] It is highly volatile and does not remain on the skin, and therefore, is very unlikely to be absorbed. Although the EWG grade of cyclopentasiloxane ranges from 1 to 3, lack of research on this ingredient causes difficulty in determining its safety.[11] As cosmetics can cause endocrine disorders, it is advisable to use only very small amounts. Jojoba ester, a natural oil, has recently been used as a natural alternative emulsifier.[31] Moreover, efforts to utilize naturally derived emulsifiers to circumvent toxicity issues have gained wide acceptance and significance. Therefore, we utilized and tested another natural compound lecithin, which can be extracted from soybeans and has rarely been utilized in the formulation of sunscreens to date.[32,33] The emulsifiers (cyclopentasiloxane, jojoba esters, and lecithin) were used at concentrations that do not exhibit significant toxic effects on human skin cells.
Combustion and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine burning jojoba ethyl ester and mixtures with ethanol
Published in Biofuels, 2019
Mohamed Y. E. Selim, Mamdouh T. Ghannam, Ahmad Saleh Al Awad, Mohamed Saed Al Sabek
Jojoba oil is extracted from seeds by cold pressing. This oil is of high quality and has unique physical and chemical characteristics. Jojoba oil differs from other vegetable oils, which contain triglyceride, whereas jojoba oil consists of a straight-chain ester. Ester is fatty alcohols and acids in a long mono-bond saturated chain [13–15,21].